美国对国际刑事法院的政策转变

美国对国际刑事法院的政策经历了从积极支持到极力反对的大转变。克林顿政府虽然积极参加法院规约的制订,但最终因为在管辖权、检察官独立启动调查起诉程序和侵略罪等问题上存在着重大分歧而投了反对票。布什政府则根据《美国军人保护法》采取了一系列极端敌视国际刑事法院的措施,其中尤以所谓的"第98条协定"为甚。但是,缔约国与美国签订的这种豁免协定实际上违背了规约的宗旨,与罗马规约第98条第2款不相符合,是非法的。     

What's in a Name? The Nature of the Individual in Refugee Studies

The category of refugee has been problematic for both practitionersand social scientists because it is difficult to define an objectivecategory that satisfactorily brings the real world, ethics,and theory into harmony. In recent years many critiques havebeen made of the assumptions built into the legal refugee frameworkand efforts have been made to refine the concept from multipledisciplinary perspectives. This paper examines several underlyingassumptions of these discussions, including the category offorced migration, through a discussion of the example of Salvadoransin the United States in the 1980s. One assumption has been notedbut insufficiently theorized: the centrality of the individual.The person assumed by both the refugee and human rights regimesof the United Nations is a culturally-specific construct definingthe relationship between the individual and society in a waythat precludes an adequate understanding of refugees.     

Fighting Families: Family Characteristics Associated with Domestic Violence in Five Latin American Countries

This study uses data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) to examine the relationship between familial characteristics and the likelihood of experiencing domestic violence in Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Peru. Logistic regression techniques are used to measure relationships between marital status, family size, partner alcohol use, socioeconomic status (SES), decision-making power, and education homogamy and the likelihood of experiencing partner violence. Cohabitation, female-dominant decision making, and partner alcohol are positively associated with domestic violence across datasets. Family size, SES, and education homogamy emerged as statistically significant in some, but not all of the datasets. This study helps clarify the profile of the abused Latina and also tests the applicability of current abuse research to a non-Western setting.While numerous forms of aggression are incorporated into the term domestic violence, the present study focuses exclusively on domestic violence involving physical abuse between heterosexual partners.     

克林顿治下美国联邦政府改革述评

作为20世纪90年代西方各国行政改革运动的一部分,克林顿政府推出了"国家绩效评估"的联邦政府再造计划。克林顿治下联邦政府改革的诱因主要在于财政两难困境、问题政府假设、官僚体制老化、再造工程效应和中间路线导向五个方面。改革历时多年,推出了一系列政策,对美国传统的政府治理模式进行了根本性改造,影响延续至今。对美国"国家绩效评估"正反两方面的研究评价,可以揭示出一些政府革新的基本经验。     

突发公共事件应急机制:美国的经验及其启示

突发事件应急处理 ,是宪法行政法中的重要内容。美国突发公共事件应急机制中的许多做法 ,如设立专门的应急事务管理总署、制定联邦应急计划以及相关法律、法规等 ,值得我们学习、研究和借鉴。     

Reviews

Books reviewed:
Burns Colonial Habits: Convents and the Spiritual Economy of Cuzco, Peru
Socolow The Women of Colonial Latin America
Dunkerley Americana. The Americas in the World, around 1850 (or 'Seeing the Elephant' as the Theme for an Imaginary Western)
Wasserman Everyday Life and Politics in Nineteenth Century Mexico. Men, Women and War
Alonso Between Revolution and the Ballot Box. The Origins of the Argentine Radical Party
Peard Race, Place, and Medicine: The Idea of the Tropics in Nineteenth-Century Brazilian Medicine
Iverleigh The Politics of Religion in an Age of Revival
Dore and Molyneaux Hidden Histories of Gender and the State in Latin America
Ehlers Silent Looms: Women and Production in a Guatemalan Town
Townsend, Zapata, Rowlands, Alberti and Mercado, eds Women and Power: Fighting Patriarchies and Poverty
Higgins and Coen Streets, Bedrooms and Patios: The Ordinariness of Diversity of Urban Oaxaca
Vila Crossing Borders – Reinforcing Borders: Social Categories, Metaphors, and Narrative Identities on the US–Mexico Frontier
Rochín and Valdés Voices of a New Chicano/o History
Flores From Bomba to Hip-hop: Puerto Rican Culture and Latino Identity
Early and Peters The Xilixana Yanomami of the Amazon: History, Social Structure, and Population Dynamics
Díaz-Briquets and Pérez-López Conquering Nature: The Environmental Legacy of Socialism in Cuba
Hall Amazonia At The Crossroads: the Challenge of Sustainable Development
Clifton The Politics of Telecommunications in Mexico: Privatization and State-Labour Relations, 1982–1995     

Rivalry between Taiwan and the PRC in Latin America

Latin America and the Caribbean have been a major battleground of the “foreign policy war” between Taiwan and the PRC over international legitimacy, and recognition. This paper analyzes the growing rivalry between China and Taiwan and its implications. The first part of the paper examines the importance of Latin America and the Caribbean for both Beijing and Taipei. The second section explores political aspects of their involvement in the region. The third part assesses how Beijing and Taipei use economic diplomacy to meet their diplomatic objectives in Latin America. The fourth section examines the implications of the increasing rivalry between Taipei and Beijing in the region. This study is supported by a Fulbright scholarship and a faculty development grant from Merrimack College. The views in the paper are entirely mine and should not be ascribed to the institutions acknowledged above. I would like to express my appreciation to Wang Hsiu-chi at Tamkang University in Taiwan who provided me with excellent facilities during my field trip to Taiwan. Author would like to thank Curtis Martin, Lowell Dittmer, Xiaogang Deng, Antonio Hsiang, Tchen Tchiang, Baohui Zhang, Baogang Guo, Guoli Liu, Ping Li, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on earlier versions of this paper. An earlier version of the paper was presented at the International Symposium on National Identity and the Future Cross-Strait Relations, University of Macau, in December, 2004.     

美国人权外交实质的理论探析

美国政府长期以来将人权外交作为自己的基本国策和外交政策的基石,不遗余力地在全球范围内推行。在当前以和平和发展作为时代主题的背景下,我们必须清醒地认识到美国人权外交的实质,排除人权因素对国际合作的阻挠和干扰,建立真正有利于全球和平和发展的国际新秩序。     

美国公务员考核制度分析及其启示

考核是公务员管理的重要环节和手段。当前各国的公务员考核制度,尽管政治环境各异,但其基本价值理念却是一致的。本文试图通过对美国公务员考核制度的回顾分析,为我国公务员考核制度的完善提供经验借鉴。     

论美国现代文官制度的形成

由于政治与行政之间的区别不很明确,作为美国行政机构的构成和职位分配原则,“政党分肥制”是美国近代政党政治发展的直接后果。随着工业化、生产社会化和商品化的发展,“政党分肥制”的不足及其危害使其越来越不适应政府职能的变化,“功绩制”取代“政党分肥制”成为美国文官制度的基础,标志着美国现代文官制度的初步形成。