政府在风险投资业中的作用

在美国风险投资业的发展过程中 ,美国政府政策的变化对其产生了巨大影响。这些政策主要是改变了风险投资的外部环境 ,从而影响其发展。借鉴美国的经验 ,我国政府可从建立和健全风险投资法律法规体系 ,制定鼓励风险投资业发展的扶持政策 ,建立活跃的第二板市场等几方面对风险投资业的发展予以支持     

Two regionalisms,two Latin Americas or beyond Latin America? Contributions from a critical and decolonial IPE

This article reconsiders the hegemonic interpretation of Latin American regionalisms, which have been defined as expressions of the fragmentation power of ideologies. After identifying the main bias and limitations of this approach, two alternative analytical proposals are presented: critical International Political Economy (IPE), which reconsiders the region’s heterogeneity as the reflection of a variety of historical trajectories; and the increasingly influential Latin/Latin American modernity/coloniality approach, which re-authorises the voices of a multiplicity of ‘marginal’ subjectivities to the cognoscible world of international studies.     

当前美国在东南亚的军事存在探析

军事存在是美国在东南亚维护霸权的重要工具。美国2010年宣布重返亚洲以后,继续强化在该地区的军事影响力,并且在经济上推行跨太平洋伙伴关系,政治上推行人权价值观,这构成了美国“亚太再平衡”战略的主要内容。美国在东南亚地区的军事存在主要以四种方式进行,即驻扎军队和军事装备、举行多边和双边军事演习、资助东南亚各国军事人员赴美国培训、对东南亚国家实施军售军援。美国通过这些方式使多数东南亚国家在防务政策上倒向美国,也确保了美国在整个西太平洋地区的霸权地位。     

New challenges,new alliances: union politicization in a post-NAFTA era

The ascendency of neoliberalism, anti-state ideologies, and increased corporate power has taken its toll on labor movements around the globe. Today, the proportion of unionized workers in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries is half what it was in the 1970s. I argue that unions are dealing with the crises presented by neoliberal economic integration by entering new political coalitions and nontraditional advocacy areas – particularly relating to immigration, environment, and trade – in an effort to increase their relevance, influence, and allies. I examine how the North American Free Trade Agreement helped politicize unions to move beyond traditional workplace-centered struggles and engage in broader and more diverse political struggles linked at the domestic and the transnational level. Union positions vis-à-vis immigrants have shifted dramatically from supporting draconian legislation to leading a broad-based movement for immigrants' rights. Key unions joined with environmental organizations to advocate for environmental and worker protections through a green economy and green jobs; unions continue their fair trade advocacy, fighting the Tran-Pacific Partnership and the Trans-Atlantic Free Trade Agreements and investor–state enforcement mechanisms. In an interesting and important twist, unions' foray into these new arenas in part results directly from the privatization of governance practices, which has undermined democratic processes across the continent.     

Making Decentralization Work: A Cross-national Examination of Local Governments and Natural Resource Governance in Latin America

There has been increased emphasis in the last three decades on the decentralization of natural resource governance decisions to local government in developing countries as a means of improving environmental quality, public service delivery, and the accountability of local officials. We examine the performance of decentralization of natural resource management services in a large sample of municipal governments in four Latin American countries. Our analysis includes a variety of factors discussed in the literature as important in influencing the responsiveness of government officials to local needs. We provide a nested institutional model in which local officials respond to incentives created by the structure of formal political institutions at both the local and national level. The results provide support for the importance of considering local and national institutional arrangements as these co-determine the political incentives within decentralized systems.

Conservation and community-based development through ecotourism in the temperate rainforest of southern Chile

General assessments of ecotourism and community-led development offer conflicting views of these strategies’ potential. Appraisals of successful projects add to the available knowledge that policy makers can use to improve decision-making. The Mapu Lahual Network of Indigenous Parks (RML), an ecotourism development and conservation project in the 10th Region of southern Chile, covers 45,000 ha within the territories of eight indigenous communities, in a part of southern Chile that national and international conservation organizations consider a high priority for ecological conservation. Elected leaders of the indigenous communities established the RML in 2000 with technical assistance from public agencies and financial assistance from national and environmental organizations. The RML’s primary purpose is to increase and diversify per-capita incomes in a way that preserves the area’s environment and culture by establishing tourism based on a system of parks, trails, campgrounds, and local services. This paper appraises the RML with respect to the common interest of the relevant local, national, and international communities. The policy sciences provide a contextual basis for practical recommendations that will help participants build on the project’s strengths and correct its weaknesses. The RML initiative provides a model of a development process that has been constructively supported by members of public agencies and conservation organizations. The strategies employed in the RML could be diffused and adapted in other contexts.

NAFTA对当前美国自由贸易协定投资条款的影响

首先简述了美国自由贸易协定的发展,进一步揭示了NAFTA影响美国自由贸易协定投资条款内容的背景,随后主要从最低待遇标准和征收两个方面阐述NAFTA对当前美国自由贸易协定投资条款的影响。最后分析了美国自由贸易协定投资条款变化对中国的启示。     

构建中拉整体合作机制:机遇、挑战及思路(英文)

With all-round cooperation between China and Latin America ready to take off, and with a promising China-Latin America and the Caribbean Cooperation Forum becoming a high-level dialogue mechanism. China-Latin America relations are poised to be further deepened and elevated,which will lay a solid foundation for the development of ties between China and other developing countries.     

环境设计预防犯罪理论（CPTED）的溯源及评析

美国犯霏学家C．雷·杰弗瑞（c．Ray Jeffery）首创了CPTED这个术语，之后又发展了CPTED理论，从大处着眼，强调多策并举的综合性预防犯罪措施。而今天的CPTED理论主要是指纽曼（Newmanl或者克罗（Crowe）模式，主要从小处入手，以环境设计威慑犯罪来达到预防犯罪目的。经过40年的发展，该理论日臻成熟和完善，有了第2代CPTED，并由美国走向了世界。对CPTED理论的赞誉之词颇多，但批评之声也从来不绝于耳。唯有全面审视其评价，才能对CPTED有一个客观的认识。     

当代美国假释制度的新发展

美国假释制度近30年的发展历程有三个成长代。第一代假释执行的方式主要是监视、面谈等,假释基本上等同于释放;第二代假释执行方式将假释人员置于矫正项目中,突出了矫正;第三代假释执行引入了行为管理方法。与之比较,可看出我国的假释现状与其第一代相类似,必然制约假释的推行,导致"假释难"。如果像其第二代、第三代那样,建立起一个完整的、具有科学性和有效性的矫正系统,"假释难"将迎刃而解。