组织间不信任与替代性武装力量：拉美国家废除军队的政治逻辑

军队是国家权力的关键指标，也是绝大多数主权国家不可或缺的有机构成，在国内政治与国际关系领域都发挥着重要作用。然而，世界上仍存在少数主动废除军队的国家。引人关注的是，这类案例大多集中在拉美地区。对于这些拉美国家为何废除军队，既有研究主要从小国视角和军政关系视角出发，认为国家规模与国家安全之关联性和去军事化改革是基本逻辑依据。然而对拉美具体案例而言，这些理论范式的解释性仍存在一定欠缺。考察哥斯达黎加和海地案例可知，组织间不信任与替代性武装力量强弱是拉美特定国家废除军队的基本政治逻辑；获得可信的武装力量支持是新政权得以巩固的必要条件。当新政府与既有军队之间出现组织间不信任时，新政府便倾向于谋求用其他武装力量来替代既有军队。同时，替代性武装力量的强弱影响着政府的替代决策。若不存在可信的替代性武装力量，或只存在弱替代性武装力量，那么废除军队并建立或扶植一些原先较弱的武装组织便成为拉美国家政府强化武装力量控制的常见选择。     

The Geopolitical Imaginary of the Brazilian Ultra-Right

The strengthening of the ultra-right in the Brazilian political scenario has a certain geopolitical imagination as one of its centres. Its main authors, on the one hand, consider Latin America as something to be avoided, and, on the other hand, value the affinities between Brazil and the United States due to the idea of a mutual belonging to a Christian West. The present article explains the most current assumptions and arguments of this discourse after 2016, based on an analysis of the geopolitical imaginary of the Brazilian ultra-right. The text reconstructs three political languages of the field – the reactionary, the ultraliberal, and the authoritarian conservative, based on the analysis of four intellectual protagonists: Olavo de Carvalho, Ernesto Araújo, Paulo Guedes, and Eduardo Villas Bôas. Finally, we raise some hypotheses about the reasons for the longevity of some fundamental traits of this geopolitical imaginary in the Brazilian scenario.     

Footnotes to Guamán Poma: Transtemporal Encounters in Nacha Vollenweider's Notas al pie

The graphic memoir Notas al pie (2017) written by Argentinian Nacha Vollenweider includes an illustration which reinterprets an image from the Nueva corónica y buen gobierno, a colonial document written by Quechua nobleman Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala around 1615, when Peru was under Spanish rule. This article argues that if Guamán Poma's image portrays a critique of Western colonial power, Vollenweider's reappropriation follows its aftermath, and targets the structures of coloniality that underpin the formation of both individual and collective identity.     

美国企业工会选举的法律保障初探

美国企业工会选举是其集体谈判制度的重要组成部分.美国企业工会选举的法律保障包括确认谈判单位、举行工会选举及其相关的劳动争议处理.美国企业工会选举的法律保障具有制定法与判例法相结合、政府中立、程序公正和保障企业民主等特点.这对构建我国的集体协商/谈判制度有着积极的借鉴意义.