马克思恩格斯对社会自然历史过程的揭示

马克思主义哲学揭示了社会的运动是一个自然历史过程。这一揭示是通过马克思主义哲学区别 于一切旧哲学的物质概念,通过对人的本质的不同于旧哲学的理解,通过对辩证法、逻辑与历史统一 的方法的运用而实现的。     

Micro-models of criminal careers: A synthesis of the criminal careers and life course approaches via semiparametric mixed poisson regression models,with empirical applications

Much recent research and debate in criminology have centered around how to conceptualize and model longitudinal sequences of delinquent and criminal acts committed by individuals. Two approaches dominate this controversy. One originates in thecriminal careers paradigm, which emphasizes a potentialheterogeneity of offending groups in the general population—thus leading to a distinction between incidence and prevalence of criminal offending, a focus on the onset, persistence, and desistence of criminal careers, and the possibility that criminals are a distinctive group with constant high rates of offending. Another approach places criminal events within a broader context ofstudies of the life course by explicitly substituting the conceptualization of “social events” for that of “criminal careers”. With respect to analytical models, this approach emphasizes a potentialheterogeneity of offenders with respect to order of criminal events from first to second to higher orders and thus suggests an analysis of the “risks” or “hazards” of offending by order of offense. Some extant commentaries on the criminal careers and life course approaches to conceptualizing and modeling longitudinal sequences of delinquent and criminal events committed by individuals have emphasized their differences and incompatibilities. In contrast, we apply recently developed semiparametric mixed Poisson regression techniques to develop conditions under which the two conceptual/modeling approaches are formally equivalent. We also modify the semiparametric mixed Poisson regression model of criminal careers to incorporate information on order of the delinquent/criminal event and develop an empirical application. This modification demonstrates the complementarity of the criminal careers and life course approaches, even though they have somewhat different foci.     

THE EFFECTS OF LIFE CIRCUMSTANCES ON LONGITUDINAL TRAJECTORIES OF OFFENDING*

This study, which is based on individual criminal careers over a 60‐year period, focuses on the development of criminal behavior. It first examines the impact that life circumstances such as work and marriage have on offending, then tests whether the effects of these circumstances are different for different groups of offenders, and finally examines the extent to which the age‐crime relationship at the aggregate level can be explained by age‐graded differences in life circumstances. Official data were retrieved for a 4‐percent (N=4,615) sample of all individuals whose criminal case was tried in the Netherlands in 1977. Self‐report data were derived from a nationally representative survey administered in the Netherlands in 1996 to 2,244 individuals aged 15 years or older. In analyzing this data, we use semi‐parametric group‐based models. Results indicate that life circumstances substantially influence the chances of criminal behavior, and that the effects of these circumstances on offending differ across offender groups. Age‐graded changes in life circumstances, however, explain the aggregate age‐crime relationship only to a modest extent.     

DRUG USE AND DESISTANCE PROCESSES

Sampson and Laub's age‐graded theory of informal social control emphasizes the importance of adult social bonds such as marriage and stable employment in redirecting behavior in a more prosocial direction. Heavy alcohol use has also been shown to influence persistent patterns of offending as well as more episodic offending across the life course. Sampson and Laub's life‐course theory emphasizes the negative impact of alcohol use on marital and employment bonds. Although alcohol has indeed been shown to have significant effects on criminal offending, we argue that drug use and the drug culture in which many contemporary offenders are enmeshed have consequences that often complicate desistance processes in ways that alcohol does not. Drug use and its lifestyle concomitants bring together a host of distinctive social dynamics that compromise multiple life domains. The current project investigates the role of drug use on desistance processes relying on a contemporary sample of previously institutionalized youth. We draw on three waves of data from the Ohio life‐course study, a project that spans some 21 years. The results support the assertion that drug use exerts unique effects on desistance processes, once levels of alcohol use are taken into account. We investigate possible mechanisms that help to explain the differential impact of drug use on offending and find that social network effects, particularly partner criminality, explain some but not all of the negative impact of drug use on life‐course patterns of criminal offending.     

报业革新与产业化进程引发的思考

网络媒体声势浩大,信息技术的发展也在大步前行,社会已悄然迈进了信息时代,传媒业已成为迅速增长的产业。而面对这一潜力巨大的市场,面对境外集团的大兵压境,传媒业的惟一出路就在于发展自己的媒介产业,形成自己的规模与实力,形成足够的抵抗力和竞争力,只有如此,才能在巨大资本入陆和市场竞争洪流面前立于不败之地。     

为日常生活批判再辩护——论列斐伏尔《日常生活批判》第二卷的基本意义

列斐伏尔是一位“广为人知”而“罕为人解”的西方马克思主义创始人。与其他一些重要著作相比,他的《日常生活批判》第二卷,由于种种原因,长期以来处于默默无闻状态。而实际上,本书具有重要而不可替代的地位与价值———因为它是列斐伏尔毕生惟一一卷将日常生活概念及其基本范畴进行专门而系统阐述的著作。《日常生活批判》第一卷在相当程度上仍然是抽象的哲学与艺术批判分析,第二卷则重新厘定了日常生活批判概念,建立了一整套批判现代性日常生活现实的哲学范畴体系与社会学方法,确立了日常生活作为“层次”或“平台”(level)而存在的理念,描绘了一幅与传统社会主义政治革命理想相区别的“瞬间的星丛”图景。     

犯罪控制论之犯罪时间

犯罪时间是研究犯罪控制的重要一环。由于时间的不可复归性,因此对时间的把握,无论是对犯罪实施者一方还是对犯罪控制者一方都有着极为重要的意义。研究犯罪时间,实际上就是研究犯罪发生的时间规律,为犯罪控制者提供一个较为明晰的参照系。     

人,一种追求意义的存在——弗兰克尔意义疗法述评

弗兰克尔意义疗法强调生活是有意义的;人有追求意义的意志;人有行使意义意志的自由。当这种追求意义的意志受到挫折时,有可能导致某种神经官能症。意义治疗就是要通过引导病人发现生活的意义达到治疗的目的。矛盾意向和去反思是意义治疗常用的技术。     

精品课程建设浅淡

西南政法大学“刑事诉讼法学”课程被评为国家精品课程。我们的经验是:秉承优良学术传统,注重优良作风传承;及时总结教学经验,积极开展教学科研;重视人才梯队建设,培养一流师资队伍;教学科研立足前沿,与时俱进开拓创新。