Marriage,Cohabitation, and Crime: Differentiating Associations by Partnership Stage

A wealth of scholarship generally finds that marriage protects against crime, but there is less consistent evidence for cohabitation. In this article, we contribute to scholarship on marriage and put forward new evidence about cohabitation by examining marital and cohabiting partnerships as transitions with distinct stages of entry, stability, and dissolution. We use within-person change models with contemporary data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 to analyze these stages for the full sample and separately for men and women. The findings show differential protective associations of marriage and cohabitation depending on the stage of the partnership. Both recently formed cohabiting partnerships and stable cohabiting partnerships are associated with reductions in the level of offending, although to a lesser degree than marital relationships. Cohabiting partnerships that are stable, in that they have lasted at least a year, are associated with larger decreases in offending, particularly among women.     

THE CASCADING EFFECTS OF ADOLESCENT GANG INVOLVEMENT ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE*

The short‐run deleterious effects of gang involvement during adolescence have been well researched. However, surprisingly little empirical attention has been devoted to understanding how gang involvement in adolescence influences life chances and criminal behavior in adulthood. Drawing on the life‐course perspective, this study argues that gang involvement will lead to precocious transitions that, in turn, will have adverse consequences on the fulfillment of adulthood roles and statuses in the economic and family spheres. Moreover, problems fulfilling these conventional roles are hypothesized then to lead to sustained involvement in criminal behavior in adulthood. Using data from a sample of males from the Rochester Youth Development Study, results from structural equation models support the indirect link between gang membership and noncriminal and criminal outcomes in adulthood. Specifically, gang involvement leads to an increase in the number of precocious transitions experienced that result in both economic hardship and family problems in adulthood. These failures in the economic and family realms, in turn, contribute to involvement in street crime and/or arrest in adulthood. Implications for the criminal desistance process are discussed.     

GANG MEMBERSHIP AS A TURNING POINT IN THE LIFE COURSE*

Gang‐involved youth are disproportionately involved in criminal behavior, especially violence. The processes accounting for this enhanced illegal activity, however, remain speculative. Employing a life‐course perspective, we propose that gang membership can be conceptualized as a turning point in the lives of youth and is thus associated with changes in emotions, attitudes, and routine activities, which, in turn, increase illegal activity. Using prospective data from a multisite sample of more than 1,400 youth, the findings suggest that the onset of gang membership is associated with a substantial change in emotions, attitudes, and social controls conducive to delinquency and partially mediate the impact of gang membership on delinquent activity. Desistance from gangs, however, was not associated with similar systematic changes in these constructs, including delinquent involvement.     

Distorting Vicarious Liability

The note considers the decision of the Court of Appeal in Maga v The Trustees of the Birmingham Archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church and analyses the application of the status based risk approach to vicarious liability in that case. It considers its application outside of the area of clerical sexual abuse, and also the role in vicarious liability of job conferred status which materially increases the risk of the commission of a tort, or helps to facilitate a tort.     

法治视角下水库移民类群体性事件的思考——以云南绥江“3．25堵路事件”为例

云南绥江“3．25堵路事件”是典型的水库移民类群体性事件,反映了我国水库移民普遍存在的共性矛盾。从法治视角看,私权保护不足是引发水库移民类群体性事件发生的主要原因。在实体层面,未将“人”作为考量水库建设可行性的主要因素,对水库移民的补偿不足。在程序层面,公民难以参与公共决策,权利救济的路径狭窄。预防与控制水库移民类群体性事件的主要对策是：慎行水库移民,完善移民补偿立法,建立移民程序机制,慎用强权对待权利诉求。     

PBL教学模式的内涵探析

为适应高职院校迅速发展的客观形势,提高高职院校的教学质量,培养高素质人才,需要在高职院校大力推行PBL教学模式。科学把握PBL教学模式的内涵是推行PBL教学模式的关键。PBL教学作为一种新的教学模式、教学理念、教学方法,必将在高职院校展现出良好的教学效果。     

《实用推销技巧》课考试改革探索

推销技巧课是一门实用性很强的课程。在考试方式上要将一次性结课考试同平时多次训练测试相结合,将笔试形式同口试形式相结合,将学习到的知识点同职业技能相结合,将封闭的课堂考试同动态的开放考试相结合。     

Research note: The founders and survivors project

This paper describes the multidisciplinary project Founders and Survivors: Australian Life Courses in Historical Context. Individual life courses, families and generations through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are being reconstituted from a wide range of data including convict records; birth, death and marriage registrations; and World War I service records. The project will result in a longitudinal study of Australian settlement, the long-run effects of forced labour and emigration on health and survival, family formation, intergenerational morbidity and mortality, and social and geographic mobility.     

公安教育改革视野下的刑法实务课程改革

公安部《关于加强和改进公安教育训练工作的意见》,要求公安教育训练工作以公安工作和公安队伍建设执法需要为导向,以加强公安队伍执法能力建设为核心,坚持实战牵引、贴近实际、以人为本、按需施教。在此要求下刑法实务以培养具有刑事执法能力的应用型人才为核心,立足于警察职业岗位的设置,打破传统刑法课程以刑法典的结构为教学内容的结构模式,以公安机关管辖刑事案件的分工为依据,适应警察办理刑事案件工作需要,在教学中针对不同专业,选取不同教学内容,使其具有针对性和适用性;教学方法采用以案例为中心的辐射教学法;贴近公安机关刑事办案工作,建立递进式的实践教学体系,即案例教学→模拟办案→顶岗实习。     

A research–note on the slave registers of Suriname, 1830–1865

In 1826, the Dutch government decreed that slave owners in the Dutch colony of Suriname had to register all enslaved persons in their possession and all changes in ownership. Registration was done in a central register until the abolition of slavery in Suriname in 1863. The registers give a continuous overview of the enslaved population in Suriname stretching for more than three decades. The level of information on the enslaved population of Suriname make the slave registers into an exceptional source for the study of slavery. As part of the project Make the Surinamese slave registers public a database of these registers was created. The database is the first step to create a Historical Database of Suriname (HDS) covering a substantial part of the population of Suriname between 1830 and 1950.