五四时期婚姻观的变革

五四时期,中国社会发生了广泛而深刻的变革,其中,妇女解放也取得了重要进展.一些进步人士揭露和批判了旧社会对妇女的严重摧残,提出了妇女解放的主张以及婚姻改良的办法,对中国社会发展和文化进步产生了积极影响.     

The Karabakh conflict and Armenia’s failed transition

Despite its early promise, Armenia’s transition to democracy has stalled. The literature on post-Communist transitions ascribes this outcome to the autocratic preferences of its first generation of leaders, and particularly the country’s first president Levon Ter-Petrossian. I argue in this article that that literature depicts a profoundly distorted picture of the Armenian politics of the 1990s. The failure of Armenia’s transition was primarily due to the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh and the political processes it set in motion.     

Protective and Risk Factors Associated with Adolescent Boys’ Early Sexual Debut and Risky Sexual Behaviors

Protective and risk factors associated with rates of early sexual debut and risky sexual behaviors for a sample of low-income adolescent boys were examined using bioecological theory framed by a resiliency perspective. Protective processes examined include a close mother–son and father–son relationship, parental monitoring and family routines, as well as the adolescent boy’s academic achievement, expectations, and school recognition. The risk factors assessed were delinquent behaviors, if the adolescent was born to a teenage mother, family structure, monthly family income, risky neighborhood environments, family of origin welfare receipt, and maternal education. Waves one (1999) and two (2001) of Welfare, Children, and Families: A Three-City Study were used (N = 528; Wave 1 ages 10–14 years). Associations between early sexual debut and risky sexual behaviors with individual, family, school, and neighborhood protective and risk factors were addressed through a series of d-probit and Ordinary Least Squares multiple regression techniques. When protective and risk factors were addressed independently, academic achievement and parental monitoring protected adolescent boys from early sexual debut and risky sexual behaviors while drug and alcohol use and school problems placed them at risk for these behaviors. However, when the model is assessed together, early parental monitoring and academic achievement were shown to protect boys’ early sexual debut and risky sexual behaviors by reducing their delinquent behaviors, specifically early drug and alcohol use and school problems.

现代城市共同体研究范式的演变

城市化和城市社会的发展,改变着人们关于现代城市与共同体关系的认识.近一个多世纪来,这一认识过程大致经历了从"现代城市与共同体对立论"到"现代城市与共同体相容论",再到"现代城市共同体形成过程论"这样三个阶段,滕尼斯(F.T0nnies)的"gemein.schaft/seUschaft"理论、麦基佛(R.M.Maclver)的"community／aussociation"理论和奥田道大的"城市共同体"分析模式分别是各阶段的代表性理论.     

台湾学运背后的经济发展困境

台湾爆发“3·18”学运的一个深刻背景原因是近年经济持续低迷不振。台湾经济困境主要表现在经济增长、物价变动及劳动市场等方面。由于民间消费与投资增长乏力、出口竞争力明显下降、工业生产增幅小、服务业发展不平衡,导致总体经济增长动力明显不足。造成台湾经济困境的原因,除了全球景气衰退与台湾自身结构性问题外,近年台湾经济还面临一些新问题的严峻挑战。一是区域经济整合潮流对台湾的冲击效应日益明显;二是台湾应对大陆经济转型发展乏力;三是经济振兴严重受困于政治因素。台湾突破经济困境的路径,关键在于要排除非经济性因素障碍,深化与大陆经济交流合作,充分利用大陆市场和区域整合来提高自身竞争力。     

Who supports minority rights in popular votes? Empirical evidence from Switzerland

Recent research shows that well-educated citizens are more supportive of minority rights in direct democratic votes than people with less education. This article however suggests that educational effects on minority rights only emerge under certain conditions. A Bayesian multilevel analysis of 39 referendums and initiatives on minority rights in Switzerland (1981–2009) shows that educational effects are particularly strong when the rights of lesser-known cultural minorities are to be extended. They are entirely absent, however, when referenda address the curtailment of rights for well-known minority groups.     

“三反”运动中的“武汉经验”

"三反"运动存在两个样本,即以反贪污为主要特色的"北京经验"和以反官僚主义为主要特色的"武汉经验"。"武汉经验"的典型注释就是当时曾轰动全国的"纪凯夫事件"。从巩固党与群众的联系,纠正党员干部脱离群众、压制民主、拒绝批评的官僚主义作风出发,此案的处理是严肃的甚至是严厉的,但也因此存在着过宽、过重之处。"武汉经验"展示的是中国共产党对官僚主义的高度警惕,对人民群众政治参与的大力支持,对压制民主、拒绝批评、脱离群众的政治危险,表现出除恶务尽的决心和开展了雷厉风行的打击。但官僚主义现象却不是短期所能完全克服的,"武汉经验"提供了解决问题的一些原则和基本措施。     

Immigration and Swiss‐EU Free Movement of Persons: Question of a Safeguard Clause

The issue of migration is a current topic in different European countries. In this paper, we concentrate on the case of Switzerland. After the adoption of the Mass Immigration Initiative on 9 February 2014, Switzerland is faced with a challenging task. It needs to implement the constitutional mandate to manage migration autonomously, although Switzerland has a bilateral free movement of persons agreement with the EU. We present an approach to a solution for discussion. The basic idea is to maintain the principle of freedom of movement without fixed quotas or national priority but with a safeguard clause for (statistically) exceptional situations. An exceptional situation occurs if serious social, economic or political difficulties arise. As an objective method to determine serious difficulties, we choose an excessive percentage in net migration, defined on the basis of the situation in the EU/EFTA. If the net migration in Switzerland is getting excessive, the safeguard clause could be called. In addition, we take other factors into account such as the amount of the EU/EFTA foreigners and the labor market.     

老少边穷地区人才问题初探——对西部大开发中宁夏盐池县人才问题的剖析

经济落后,人才外流严重,社会环境不利于人才的生存和发展,是造成老少边穷地区人才缺乏的主要原因.搞清与人才有关的问题,完善知识分子理论,落实人才政策;改革政治体制,创新用人机制;西部大开发要闯新路出实招,为人才的生存和发展创造良好条件,是解决西部大开发中老少边穷地区人才问题的关键.     

英属马来亚华人二战前社会运动史类型——以霹雳州为例

本文主要探讨二战前英属马来亚华人的社会运动的类型。一般认为,二战前英属马来亚华人的群众运动受到民族和爱国主义的影响。本文尝试从另一角度进行探讨,即:运动的本土性,符合居住地的现实考虑及需求等。本文通过分析典藏在星、马和台湾的档案,把二战前马来亚华人的社会运动分为两个种类:一、倾向支持中国的社会运动,二、响应本土性课题而开展的社会运动,由此去探索二战前马来亚华人的本土关怀。