Children's recall of emotionally arousing, repeated events: a review and call for further investigation

The influence, if any, of emotional arousal on memory is a controversial topic in the literature. Much of the research on memory for emotionally arousing events has focused on a few specific issues (e.g., differences in types of details recalled in emotionally arousing and neutral events; increasing ecological validity). Although gaining more recent attention, a neglected area in the literature has been memory for instances of repeated, emotionally arousing events. This issue has important implications for understanding children's ability to recall events in a forensic setting. We review existing findings on memory for emotionally arousing events in general and particularly in children, children's memory for events that occur repeatedly, and then discuss the scarce research on repeated emotionally arousing events and the need for further research in this area. We conclude that although it is clear that children are capable of accurately reporting arousing and repeated experiences, it is also apparent that circumstances both within and outside the control of investigative interviewers influence this ability.     

Overdispersion and Poisson Regression

This article discusses the use of regression models for count data. A claim is often made in criminology applications that the negative binomial distribution is the conditional distribution of choice when for a count response variable there is evidence of overdispersion. Some go on to assert that the overdisperson problem can be “solved” when the negative binomial distribution is used instead of the more conventional Poisson distribution. In this paper, we review the assumptions required for both distributions and show that only under very special circumstances are these claims true.

突发事件概念探析

突发事件概念从警察学理论和实践的角度分析,应该分为广义突发事件和狭义突发事件。广义突发事件是研究整个政府工作中所遇到的突发事件,与警察学所研究的狭义突发事件是有区别的,其内涵和外延各不相同。狭义突发事件是专门研究涉及国家安全和社会稳定方面的,由警察机关担任主要处置任务的突发事件。同时,狭义突发事件与警察学中其它的一些相近概念容易混淆,必须区分清楚。     

论群体性事件中党的工作

近年来,群体性事件呈多发态势,因而,研究如何发挥执政党的作用,充分发挥执政党所具有的丰富的媒体资源的优势,第一时间占领舆论的制高点,积极协调,将事件引向理性解决的轨道,并通过制定长期的战略政策,从根本上消除群体性事件就显得十分重要。     

How can “Katowice as European City of Science” change Silesia region: Recognising perspectives of private companies

The study analyses, the perception of the European City of Science (ECS) initiative planned event in Katowice in the context of the city and region's development in the eyes of private companies. It has been argued that this honour may change the city's prestige and become the source of the city and the region's development, not only through building the city's recognisable brand but also its social capital. Using focus research as a method enables not only to collect empirical data but can also be treated as a form of public participation. The study results contribute to the growing body of literature on public engagement and co-creation as well as place branding. The study's findings show the companies' expectations concerning the role of universities and their participation in the region's development. They were the foundation for preparing a set of suggestions for local governments to successfully implement the ECS initiative. This paper is the first to examine the process of preparing a city to become an ECS, as demonstrated through the case study of Katowice.     

论公安机关处置群体性事件的指导思想及对策

公安机关正确处置群体性事件的指导思想是坚持党委、政府的统一领导,牢牢把握人民内部矛盾的性质,坚持“以人为本”、“以民为本”的观念;在履行、发挥耳目、参谋和先锋职能作用的基础上,依照事件的萌芽、发生、发展、消解四个阶段采取相应的对策。     

抗争、表达与秩序重构——论群体性事件的政府治理新思维

群体性事件是对社会已然存在的危机的一种反映,也是为了解决社会危机重构社会秩序的行动。它在本质上是体制内缺乏良好的利益表达机制而只好采用体制外的要求改革的形式。政府应当充分认识到这一点,并从体制内建立顺畅的沟通与表达机制,才是治理群体性事件的正确途径。     

Medical negligence in drug associated deaths

According to epidemiological studies adverse drug events are one of the most frequently encountered complications during medical treatment, a leading cause of hospitalisation and frequent cause of death. However, medical malpractice claims due to medication errors seem to be relatively rare. Based on a retrospective multicentre study on medical malpractice cases with lethal outcome (n = 4450), drug related cases (n = 575) were further evaluated. In 50% of cases a causal connection between drug therapy and death could be ruled out already after autopsy. In 232 cases a causal connection between drug therapy and death could be approved (drug allergies, relative overdose, wrong application, mix-up of drugs and sepsis after injection abscess). However, within the legal context only in 70 cases a medication error was approved which was in 42 cases causal for death, in 28 not. Administration of contraindicated drugs, incorrect application and relative overdose in renal insufficiency are the prevalent mistakes. Concerning the frequency of ADE in epidemiological studies medication errors are underreported in all data sources on medical malpractice; this seems to be due to the fact that even doctors and attending physicians rarely recognize an ADE; furthermore approving the connection between drug effect and death is extremely difficult for the expert witness.     

To Tell the Truth: Ad Watch Coverage,Ad Tone,and the Accuracy of Political Advertising

This study examined the relationships among newspaper ad watch coverage, ad tone, and the accuracy of political advertising. A sample of political advertisements (N = 160) was drawn from the Campaign Media Analysis Group (CMAG) database and other sources for eight U.S. Senate races. Two experts on each race evaluated the ads’ accuracy and their ideological portrayals of candidates, while trained coders analyzed other aspects of the ads. Ad watch coverage from these races (ad watch N = 109) also was content-analyzed. The number of ad watches overall in a race and the number that explicitly criticized ads were positively related with the level of accuracy of political ads and with a tendency to portray their favored candidates closer to their actual ideological position—but the overall number of ad watches also was positively related with a tendency for ads to portray opponents as more extreme than their positions warranted. Ad watches usually tend to scrutinize negative ads more, but ad watch coverage in this study was unrelated with ad tone and with the number of negative ads in a race. Positive ads were rated as more accurate but also more prone to exaggerate the supported candidates’ centrism compared to other ads. Normative and practical implications are discussed.

We’re not going to let our campaign be dictated by fact checkers.

— Neil Newhouse, pollster for the Mitt Romney 2012 campaign     

处置群体性事件若干问题分析

文章阐释了我国九十年代以来群体性事件概念的演变,从处置群体性事件的基本依据和原则,处置群体性事件的基本理念,处置群体性事件的基本技战术,以及慎用警力、慎用警械、慎用强制措施等方面分析了当前群体性事件处置中存在的相关问题。