跨文化交际中的礼貌原则

Leech的礼貌原则弥补了合作原则的不足,它包括得体准则、慷慨准则、赞扬准则、谦逊准则、赞同准则和同情准则。但不同文化所衍生的礼貌原则有时其内涵、侧重点会大相径庭,因此,在具体应用时,既要遵守礼貌,又要按照中英的不同习惯来进行。清楚地了解礼貌原则在跨文化交际中的应用,可以避免一些语用失误,从而营造友好、和谐的交际气氛。     

会话中话题转换的关联性解释

本文旨在从认知语用学的角度,运用关联理论对会话中话题转换现象的理解过程进行分析.分析表明:话题转换的“不关联“是存在于语义层次上的,而在语用层次上,话题转换的两个话题之间存在最佳关联.这种关联性不取决于建立在话语语言意义上的前提,而存在于明示交际行为本身.     

Building Houses on Rocks: The Role of the Ethical Infrastructure in Organizations

We present and discuss a theoretical model of an organization's ethical infrastructure, defined as the organizational elements that contribute to an organization's ethical effectiveness. We propose that the infrastructure is composed of both formal and informal elements—including communication, surveillance, and sanctioning systems—as well as organizational climates for ethics, respect, and justice. We discuss the nature of the relationship between these elements and ethical behavior, the relative strength of each of these elements, and their impact on each other. Theoretical and practical implications of this model are presented.     

艺术存在于传播中熵与冗余的平衡

从对艺术形态的界定中,可以得出艺术是在传播中张扬其生命力的结论。艺术形态的存在正在于散播、传达、表现。传播使欣赏者感受并可能感同到艺术的“放射波”。欣赏者在传播中被艺术召唤,从而追求艺术。艺术之动在于传播,传播使艺术得生得长,并富于魅力和感召力。在对传播概念的把握过程中,可以寻求关于艺术传播的物质内容。即,信息是传播的必然内容。作为传播形态的一种,艺术传播也不例外。借助传播学信息理论中的熵和冗余的概念,对艺术传播做逐一分析,我们发现:艺术作为有别于其他自然科学和社会科学的存在,以它独有的方式打破了科学规律,熵值决定传播程度的规律。对于非科学的艺术而言,不仅熵影响艺术的传播程度,冗余也在影响艺术传播程度。传播是艺术得以发生存在的环境和系统。熵与冗余的平衡使艺术在传播中得以存在和张扬。     

论被刑事羁押者的会见交流权

被刑事羁押者的会见交流权具有人身自由权与诉讼权的双重性,必须由刑事法律加以确认和保障。会见交流权包括与律师之间的会见交流和与家属、其他人员之间的会见交流。作为刑事司法国际准则的调整重点,被羁押的少年犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的会见交流权也应得到国内法的关注。对会见交流权的合理的限制是必要的,但必须遵守一定的条件并以例外为原则。我国刑事司法中犯罪嫌疑人、被告人会见权的确认与保障只能在刑事诉讼理念和刑事司法制度的整体重构中得到个别化的实现。     

公安群众工作中的警务沟通

在当今愈发公开的舆论环境中,信息传播技术迅速发展,使警务工作完全置于公众的视野内。从本质上说,警务沟通是研究公安群众工作的方法,公安群众工作的基本内容与之息息相关。要将警务信息及时传递给群众,必须通过交流信息、相互合作来完成。随着我国进入新媒体时代,在警务沟通过程中,更多的媒体将占据重要的地位。因此,只有从警察自我沟通、人际沟通及警察与媒体沟通三方面來论述警务沟通的问题,才能促进和谐警民关系构建,进一步做好公安群众工作。     

Open Data for Science,Policy, and the Public Good

Supporters of open data believe that free and complete access to research data is beneficial for science, public policy, and society. In environmental science and policy, open data systems can enable relevant research and inform evidence‐based governmental decisions. This article examines the unlikely case of Brazil's National Institute for Space Research's transition toward an open data model. Considering Brazil's young democracy, incipient practice of government transparency and accountability, and lacking a tradition of science‐policy dialogue, this case is a striking example of how open data can support public debate by making information about forest cover widely available. The case shows the benefits and challenges of developing such open data systems, and highlights the various forms of accessibility involved in making data available to the public.     

This May Come As a Surprise: How Prior Knowledge of Information in a Fear Appeal is Associated with Message Outcomes

Two related studies were performed aimed at finding if and how prior knowledge of threat and efficacy information in a fear appeal message is associated with message outcomes (attitude and behavioural intentions). the extended Parallel Process model (ePPm) (Witte 1992; 1998) served as theoretical framework for one study about a chlamydia fear appeal (n = 57) and another about an alcohol abuse fear appeal (n = 59). Findings from both studies suggest that prior knowledge of threat information is hardly relevant for readers’ reactions to a fear appeal message. Prior knowledge of efficacy information, however, proved to play a more important role, most often in a positive way. Findings from both studies furthermore suggest that the ePPm may be incorrect in assuming that individual differences – in this case, in prior knowledge – may only affect fear appeal outcomes in an indirect way, that is through different perceptions of threat and efficacy.     

Digital Fit as a Leg-Up for Nongovernmental Organizations’ Media and Political Success

Two important and understudied dimensions of the interaction between politics and the digital revolution are the impact of digital technology on the ability of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to win more media coverage and to successfully influence the political processes. This original quantitative comparison of 50 Israeli NGOs examined two main issues: the impact of technology on the ability of organizations to achieve mass media and political success and whether some groups are better positioned than others to exploit technology to their advantage. A theoretical concept labeled digital fit was introduced and put to a statistical test using data from a survey of 50 NGO leaders and a survey of 15 key politicians who were asked to rank the political impact of organizations they are familiar with from relevant parliamentary committees they are members of. Digital fit is defined as a cluster of digitally related variables that puts political actors in a better position to harness digital technology to self-produce and self-distribute multimedia messages for the purpose of advocating their cause to mass media outlets and politicians. A prospective dimension of digital fit is its potential to stimulate power shifts between the old guard of successful political-communication actors and a new breed of successful challengers. Results showed that digital fit had a strong positive direct effect on mass media success and a mediated influence on political success. There are positive signs that conventional models are shifting in a way that empowers new political actors.