Socialist Heroes in East German Schoolbooks

Based on examples of socialist heroes from East German schoolbooks and teaching guides designed for elementary school, this essay examines the role of state ideology in primary education. It assesses the German curriculum of the now-defunct German Democratic Republic (GDR) and illuminates distinctions between civic education and political propaganda. It also shows how the curricular emphasis on socialist virtue helped to form “the socialist personality.”

女性体验与男权意识--云南当代文学文本中少数民族妇女形象的文化分析

乡村生活中的少数民族妇女是被双重边缘化的弱势群体,新时期云南文学关注这一群体,并塑造了林林总总的少数民族妇女形象.对于这些风格迥异的妇女形象,如果用通常的阶级分析法很难对其中的女性体验进行开启,也不易对其中的男权意识加以批判.因此,借鉴西方文艺理论中的阿尼玛原型理论,可以得出这样的结论文学作品中的女性体验来源于阿尼玛原型的聚合,而男权意识则是对阿尼玛原型的离析,两者都具有文化分析的意义.     

Just Another Club? The Distinctiveness of the Relation Between Religious Service Attendance and Adolescent Psychosocial Adjustment

This study used hierarchical linear modeling to compare longitudinal patterns of adolescent religious service attendance and club attendance, and to contrast the longitudinal relations between adolescent adjustment and religious service versus club attendance. Participants included 1050 students (47% girls) encompassing a school district in Canada, who completed the survey first in grade nine and again in grades 11 and 12. Results demonstrated that patterns of religious service attendance over time were quite different from other clubs. Religious attendance was uniquely associated with several indicators of positive as well as negative adjustment. Club involvement, conversely, was only associated with positive adjustment––particularly for individuals who reported sustained involvement over time. Findings suggest that religious services may provide some unique experiences––both positive and negative––over and above what may be provided in other clubs, and that sustained, rather than sporadic participation in clubs, may be especially important for adolescent adjustment.

略论叙事在中国社会研究中的运用及其限制

由于实证主义科学观支配了主流社会学的研究,预设它是惟一客观可靠的知识类型,从而使质性研究越来越被排斥到了边缘地位。叙事作为质性研究的一种,不仅仅是一种文学手法或情感表达,它与逻辑科学话语同样是一种基本的认知方式,对于丰富社会学的想象力有着重要的意义。叙事在中国社会研究中具有独特的地位,这是为中国社会生活的变通性、过程性和模糊性所决定的。叙事是否成功,取决于作者的问题感、材料的复杂性和讲故事的技巧。方法与研究对象是一致的,因此,与其用“叙事的时刻”去颠覆统计社会学的神话,不如为适当的问题选择适当的方法,克服韦伯所谓“方法论的瘟疫”。     

The relationship between adverse childhood experiences,coping using sex,and adult sexual coercion in non-incarcerated,community-based females

ABSTRACT

Adverse childhood experiences have been associated with negative outcomes in adulthood, including sexual offending. Using a cross-sectional design, we investigated whether self-reported adverse childhood experiences related to the perpetration of coercive sexual acts among 250 females recruited from the community. Furthermore, we examined whether sexualised coping mediated any potential relationship between childhood experiences and sexual coercion. A Spearman’s rank order correlation revealed no relationship between adverse childhood experiences and sexual coercion. However, adverse childhood experiences were significantly correlated with sexualised coping, which in turn was correlated with sexual coercion. Additionally, there was a significant but small indirect effect of adverse childhood experiences on sexual coercion through sexualised coping. Findings may help researchers to better understand the causal relationship between childhood experiences, sexual coping, and sexual coercion in females.     

关于加强警察公共关系建设 实现警民关系良性互动的实践与思考

警察公共关系建设能有效提高公安机关管理效能,树立公安机关的良好形象,实现警民相互沟通,促进公安工作积极开展.因此,我们必须致力于警察公共关系意识的培养和专业队伍的建设,切实提升相关能力,改进宣传的理念、方法和内容,加强公安宣传的影响力和覆盖面.     

论行政侵权赔偿责任因果关系

行政赔偿因果关系是法律关系的一个连接点,行政赔偿因果关系的认定模式应构建在对因果关系适当分类的基础上。"公平正义"应作为行政赔偿因果关系认定的基本准则,行政赔偿因果关系应重新定义。     

Wife-battering — An Australian perspective

This article examines the leading definitions of wife-battering and questions the emphasis on physical rather than nonphysical abuse. All dimensions of these definitions are analyzed, namely the form of abuse, severity, frequency, intention, and meaning. The final definition formulated is derived from these dimensions and from the accounts and experiences of battered women themselves. The incidence and etiology of wife-battering is then examined from an Australian perspective. Theories which concentrate either specifically on the profiles of the victim and perpetrator or on the family unit or external factors are discussed. Finally, women do remain in violent relationships and their reasons for doing so are considered.     

Implicit Consitutional Change-Changing the Meaning of the Constitution Without Changing the Text of the Document

Constitutional change is often thought of as explicit constitutional change, i.e., as change that implies a modified wording of the constitutional document. In this paper, the possibilities of implicit constitutional change, i.e., change that is not accompanied by formally changing the constitution, are analyzed. The separation of powers a la Montesquieu is taken as a starting point and it will be argued that constitutional change can be brought about by all government branches, i.e., by the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary. If this argument is accepted it follows that the judiciary-even when endowed with the competence of judicial review-is not the ultimate arbiter in supervising constitutional change. It is the main hypothesis of this paper that the judiciary in bringing about implicit constitutional change is subject to a number of constraints among which the original document plays a rather marginal role. Instead, it is claimed that the current preferences of the other government organs as well as those of the population are more relevant in ascertaining the meaning of the constitution at a given point in time.     

从崎岖走向辉煌的中国法制五十年

新中国五十年的法制尽管在特定时期里遭到过破坏,但在趋向上还是逐步前进的;法制五十年的历程是沮丧与喜悦、经验与教训并存;法治与中国的繁荣兴盛同命运、共存亡;法治是中国富强之具,自由权利之源。