Relational Aggression at School: Associations with School Safety and Social Climate

The present study examines how exposure to relational aggression at school is associated with adolescents’ perceptions of, and participation in, a hostile school environment. Participants were 1,335 African American and European American adolescents in grades 7 through 12 (52% female, 49% African American). Results indicate that exposure to relational aggression is associated with several components of adolescents’ perceptions of the school climate. Adolescents exposed to high levels of relational aggression perceived their school to be less safe, and were less pleased with the general social atmosphere at school. Moreover, for males, but not females, exposure to relational aggression was associated with carrying a weapon to school. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed in terms of working toward safer school environments for adolescents.

Institutions and Economic Performance: The Use and Abuse of Culture in New Institutional Economics

Important research programs within New Institutional Economics advance culturalist arguments to explain failures of economic development. Focusing on the work of Douglass C. North and Avner Greif, this article argues that such arguments rely on an essentialist conception of culture that is both historically inaccurate and analytically misleading. Greif’s work in particular rests on a selective use of empirical data that ultimately distorts the deductive models that are at the core of his work. As a result, both scholars use culture to account for outcomes that are more adequately explained as the product of social conflict and political struggles—struggles in which culture plays a far more contingent and destabilizing role than the one they attribute to it. What is needed, I argue, is to link arguments about the persistence of inefficient institutions with a sociologically informed conception of culture as an ensemble of resources that enhance rather than constrain the scope of individual agency. To come to terms with the effects of culture on institutional formation and change it is necessary to replace the essentialism articulated by North and Greif with a strategic-instrumentalist view in which culture is compatible with a wide spectrum of economic behaviors, individual actions, and thus institutional trajectories.

Institutions and Development in Latin America: A Comparative Analysis

We review the theoretical literature on the concept of institutions and its relationship to national development, propose a definition of the concept, and advance six hypotheses about institutional adequacy and contributions to national development. We then present results of a comparative empirical study of existing institutions in three Latin American countries and examine their organizational similarities and differences. Employing the qualitative comparative method (QCA) proposed by Ragin, we then test the six hypotheses. Results converge in showing the importance of meritocracy, immunity to corruption, absence of “islands of power,” and proactivity in producing effective institutions. Findings strongly support Peter Evans’ theory of developmental apparatuses.

东北振兴中地区文化产业的发展策略

东北振兴的过程,是计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转换的过程,同时也是文化注入工业、文化经济的含量在社会生产结构中的比重逐步提高的过程。由于受历史传统、地理环境以及计划经济体制等因素的影响,东北存在着技术装备落后、产业结构"老化"等问题。与之相应,人的思维方式、行为方式、文化观念等也存在"老化"现象。因而,东北文化产业的深度拓展,既是东北振兴的重要内容,也是推动东北振兴的强大动力。     

恐怖主义的发展过程及思想渊源

作为国家政治斗争的特殊表现形式,冷战后国际恐怖主义对国际社会的安全构成了　极大的威胁。尽管世界各国都意识到恐怖主义的危害性,但对恐怖主义的认识还是千差万别　,造成国际反恐怖合作举步维艰,打击效果不显著。从历史角度分析,恐怖主义的发展经历　了四个不同的发展时期,各个时期表现出不同的特点。近现代恐怖主义的发展还与一些极端　思潮关系密切,这些思潮,如宗教极端思想、无政府主义、种族主义、新纳粹主义等等,对　恐怖主义的发展起到指导和推动的作用。     

马克思主义意识形态理论的新发展

马克思主义意识形态理论是我国新时期社会主义意识形态建设的根本指针,它统领着中国特色社会主义发展的方向和目标.科学发展观是马克思主义中国化的新成果,是马克思主义意识形态理论在当代中国的崭新创造.科学发展观初步形成了我国社会主义意识形态理论的新体系,呈现出传承性与创新性相统一、系统性与协调性相衔接、层次性与开放性相关照、人民性与统领性相结合等鲜明特点,是马克思主义意识形态理论和我国社会主流意识形态的新发展.     

克莱因与客体关系学派的创立与发展

精神分析学家大多关注婴儿与其抚养者之间的关系,并力图通过对这种早期客体关系的探讨,分析婴儿心理病理现象的根本原因.精神分析学家们对客体关系理论的关注正在成为一个新的研究热点,并且在世界很多国家和地区产生着重要的学术影响.除了对于精神分析的革命性意义,以及对于精神病学和心理咨询、心理治疗领域的巨大的冲击之外,克莱因及其客体关系理论还在儿童心理学、社会学、人类学和文艺批评等诸多学科中产生了不同程度的反响.     

泰山石文化及旅游开发研究

泰山石文化历史源远流长,几千年的发展丰富充实着它的内涵。泰山石文化旅游资源包含的自然和人文两类,旅游资源丰富多样,但泰山石文化旅游开发现状优劣并存,这就要求从战略的层面采取相应对策,以打开泰山旅游新篇章,促进泰山石文化专项旅游健康发展。     

山东服务业发展研究

我省服务业总体上规模偏小、结构层次较低、竞争能力不强,思想观念、管理体制、政策环境等制约发展的问题还十分突出。目前,服务业将会出现一个高速增长的时期,我省正面临着前所未有的机遇。因此,需要加快行政管理体制改革,加快服务业的开放力度,加大服务业投入,进一步优化服务业发展环境,走创新发展之路来促进山东服务业发展。     

关于交警信息化建设和应用的思考

交通管理信息化建设和应用,是整个公安系统信息化工作的重要组成部分,具有涉及面广、信息量大、信息变化快、重要性强等特点。制约交警信息化建设和应用工作的因素仍然存在。交警部门要抓住当前"三基"工程建设的有利时机,加强信息化建设,推动基层基础工作,为交通管理和民警执法提供科技服务,从而实现在信息化主导下交通管理模式的转变。