浅议“继续中止减让案”中的报复措施终止问题

授权报复,是WTO争端解决机制中最有威慑力的执行手段。但对于如何终止报复措施,DSU并未明确规定。在2008年10月审结的"美国——在欧盟荷尔蒙争端中继续中止减让"案中,上诉机构作出了比较明确的回答。从基本案情入手,讨论本案暴露出的问题,并通过解读上诉机构报告予以回答和解释,可为我国致力于DSU的修改工作提供借鉴。     

Process choice

Regulation scholars have long searched for the best tools to use to achieve public policy goals, generating an extensive body of research on what has become known as instrument choice. By contrast, analysis of options for structuring how officials make regulatory decisions – process choice – remains in relative infancy. Notwithstanding the emphasis legal scholars and political economists have placed on administrative procedures, surprisingly little research has investigated why regulators choose among different process options or what value they and the public receive from different choices. In their book, Regulation by Litigation, Andrew Morriss, Bruce Yandle, and Andrew Dorchak make a significant contribution by empirically and normatively examining regulators' choices between notice‐and‐comment rulemaking, negotiated rulemaking, and what they call “regulation by litigation.” This review article considers three central questions about regulation by litigation. First, how if at all does regulation by litigation differ from other uses of litigation to achieve policy goals? Second, why do regulators choose litigation over other process options? Third, is regulation by litigation as bad as Morriss, Yandle, and Dorchak say it is? By addressing these conceptual, empirical, and normative questions, this review article not only reveals the specific strengths and limitations of the book, Regulation by Litigation, but also highlights more general opportunities and challenges for future research on process choice.     

张之洞与苏州租界的开辟

中日甲午战争后 ,日本和清政府从苏州开始新设租界的谈判 ,署理两江总督张之洞是中方的主要领导。他在中国已败的大局下 ,坚持取益防损的原则 ,组织谈判班子 ,就苏州租界界址、运行方式、章程签订等问题同日方据理力争 ,力挽国权 ,影响深远     

高等学校大学生校内申诉制度研究（下）

诉讼作为传统的纠纷解决和权利救济手段,在解决大学生与高等学校法律争议方面,仍暴露其不足:诉讼成本过高、遭遇学术自由对司法审查的限制等。故诉讼未必是大学生权利救济的首选或最佳选择(但一定是最后的选择)。而高等学校的校内申诉机制则有成本低廉、更符合行为者的文化心理特征、利于学校内部监控与纠错、尊重大学自主权的优势,故宜将其作为行政复议或行政诉讼的前置程序。不过也必须认识到校内申诉机制自身存在若干缺陷,有诸多亟待完善之处。文章通过比较分析域外国家或地区的校内申诉制度,提出借鉴、吸取先进经验,进一步完善我国高等学校的校内申诉制度,从而充分发挥校内申诉的作用,以有效地解决高校与学生的纠纷,并实现对学生权利的救济。     

Tracing the roots of social citizenship: Jane Addams’ thought between formal rights and moral obligation

The modern social citizen is a dual figure: at one and the same time a legal-universal abstraction and a particular living being with specific capacities, proclivities and attitudes. The Settlement movement from the late nineteenth century articulated and shaped both universal and particular dimensions of social citizenship. It contained the imperative of guidance of individual conscience and the modern discourse of universal social rights. The article demonstrates that it is impossible to maintain a division between, on one side, the subject of individualizing pastoral care originating in religious poor relief and philanthropy, and, on the other side, formal rights based on universalism and the modern state. The Settlement movement lies at the pathway of belief, subjective interpretation and respect for the particular person and at the pathway of factual knowledge of social patterns and large-scale policy reforms. The focus on the particular person as subject was the legacy of Christian piety, whereas the concept of universal citizen was associated with the rise of social science at the University of Chicago. We explore this paradox of the particular and the universal through the work of Jane Addams as both sociologist and founder of Hull House.     

民事诉讼解纷机制中蕴含的正义

冲突的本质在于当事人利益的对抗,外化为双方意志的对抗。程序的纷争,可以通过纠纷主体选择合意或接受第三方或一方的决定方式解决。两种解纷方式契合了一定的正义理论,体现了个体私益、公共利益在诉讼程序中的运行。在具体的民事诉讼程序中,两种方式并不是完全区分开来的,在相当多的情况下,纠纷的解决需要两种方式的综合运用。     

济南市政府资金结算中心的运行效果及问题分析

2005年1月1日,济南市设立政府资金结算中心,对除科研院所和学校以外的241个市直机关及全额拨款事业单位的政府资金实行集中结算统一核算。这是全国首家对政府资金实行集中结算、统一核算的机构。结算中心成立两年来的运行效果如何,还存在哪些问题,这对地方政府资金管理的改革有一定的借鉴意义。     

GATT/WTO下的环境——贸易争端评析

随着国际环境法的发展 ,GATT/WTO受理的环境———贸易争端呈现出三个阶段的变化。发达国家扩展其国内环境法的域外效力而与致力于经济目标的发展中国家产生贸易冲突 ,使这类争端日益增多 ;GATT/WTO争端解决机构适用法律时逐渐接受环保理念 ;争端解决机制通过一系列改革逐步提高了处理环境与贸易交叉问题的能力。但是 ,GATT/WTO的贸易法原则和贸易争端解决机制决定了它不可能成为解决环境———贸易争端的理想机制。     

被告人认罪案件审判竞合程序初探

审判竞合是一个创新的诉讼法学概念。审判竞合适用裁定,是对审判实践经验的理论总结。刑事诉讼过程中,实现被告人认罪,并达到审判竞合,以快速移送、证据展示、辩诉协商、罪状人否、调解引导等程序为基础,并适用裁定这种方式最大限度地降低诉讼成本、提高诉讼效率,并使刑事诉讼更具有人权保障意义。     

安邦定国的三大举措及其坐标的禹州解读

安邦定国，讲求情、理、法，其亦有三大坐标。即：对官、民、匪都要一视同仁，均须讲究情、理、法，但关键在于能对官讲法，能对民（特别是对弱势群体）讲情，能对匪讲理。禹州根据特定之环境，以其已取得良好成效的大治安实践，对安邦定国的三大举措及其坐标进行了解读。