关于农村妇女发展问题的思考

现阶段农村妇女发展迟滞主要是城乡差异、阶层分化、性别分化、传统性别歧视观念等因素相互认同与相互加强的综合性影响和交互作用的结果,以致于它成为两性不协调发展、城乡不协调发展乃至整个经济、社会和人的不协调发展的集中体现.人们应以发展的马克思主义理论去观察与分析这类问题,并且尽力将消除农村两性发展差距与解决"三农"问题以及提高农村妇女素质与提升农村妇女地位有机地结合起来,把农村妇女发展纳入全面建设小康社会的过程之中.     

Qualitative Differences Among Rural and Urban Intimate Violence Victimization Experiences and Consequences: A Pilot Study

Relatively little is known about rural women's intimate violence experiences in comparison to urban women's experiences, partly because of the difficulty in accessing rural women. This pilot study used a protective order sample of 23 women (15 urban and 8 rural), which provides an access point that is relatively similar for comparisons across rural and urban areas. The number of participants is low and, therefore, results are preliminary. However, several significant findings emerged. Rural women reported significantly less social support, less education, less income, more physical abuse in the preceding year, more childhood physical and sexual abuse, and worse overall health and mental health, as well as encountering abuse earlier in the relationship. Both groups reported higher rates of illegal drug and cigarette use than those among the general population. The findings highlight some overall important themes in examining rural and urban intimate violence victims by suggesting that rural and urban intimate violence victims have different victimization experiences and service needs. Implications for further research and intervention are discussed.     

城市外来人口边缘化的调查分析

外来人口在城市的发展是我国城市现代化的重大问题,也影响着社会的和谐稳定.外来人口在城市走向边缘化,其成因是多方面的.要防止外来人口的边缘化,必须从户籍、政府管理和组织化程度等多方面防范和遏制.     

STRUCTURAL INEQUALITY AND HOMICIDE: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE BLACK‐WHITE GAP IN KILLINGS*

This paper examines the relationship between race and violent crime by directly modeling the racial gap in homicide offending for large central cities for 1990. We evaluate the role of black‐white differences in aspects of both disadvantage and resources in explaining which places have wider racial disparities in lethal violence. The results show that where residential segregation is higher, and where whites' levels of homeownership, median income, college graduation, and professional workers exceed those for blacks to a greater degree, African Americans have much higher levels of homicide offending than whites. Based on these results, we conclude that the racial homicide gap is better explained by the greater resources that exist among whites than by the higher levels of disadvantage among blacks.     

The place of women in European royal succession in the middle ages

When in 1997 Professor Michael Bennett announced his rediscovery of Edward III’s succession charter of 1376, the general press proclaimed that succession to the English throne had for the first time been made a male preserve, and that before that date there had been no barrier to a woman occupying the throne, citing, for example, the case of Matilda, daughter of Henry I. But is this correct? By examining examples from both Britain and continental Europe from c.1100 onwards, this paper seeks to establish the true position of women in the succession to European thrones before ‘effective’ female rulers – those who ruled independently of husbands or regents – became a regular feature of the political landscape from the late fifteenth century onwards.     

浅析货币的防伪技术

近年来,我国制贩假币犯罪呈现增长态势,犯罪手段日趋多样化.由于造假者具有相关的专业知识,使得货币检验的难度增大.货币的防伪技术主要反映在制版、雕刻、印刷等技术和印刷材料如纸张、油墨上.掌握相关货币的防伪技术,能使文检工作者更有效、更全面地揭露犯罪和证实犯罪.     

建立农村大病统筹医疗保险模式的可行性分析

我国农村的大部分地区经济发展水平较低,农民对医疗保险的缴费能力较低,且难以负担高昂的住院费用。实行大病统筹医疗保险模式,比较适合目前农村的经济发展现状。     

政策转换为法律的正当程序研究

正当程序承载着正义、民主、自由、人权等价值,是民主与法治社会应当遵循的一项普遍法则。政策转换为法律作为民主与法治社会的一项制度,也应当遵循这一法则。同时,遵守正当程序可以保障政策转化为良法,可以保证政策转化为法律过程的正当性。遵循正当程序,就应该在政策转换为法律的过程中注重听取意见制度、公开与说明理由制度和避免偏私制度等。     

妇女就业与照料孩子制度间关系的国际比较研究

从对20个西方和东欧国家照料孩子制度和妇女就业情况的考察,我们可以看出不同国家照料孩子的福利制度对妇女就业确有影响,但它只是充分条件,不是必要条件.影响一个国家妇女就业水平的因素是多方面的,其中国家的主流政治理念是最为重要的影响因素,另外,国家的整体生活水平、劳动力市场的情况等都会影响妇女的就业水平.研究表明,这20个国家的妇女就业水平有着聚敛的发展趋势.     

知识产权垄断与反垄断立法

入世以来,西方跨国公司知识产权垄断行为已经给我国民族经济带来了严重的冲击,美日等发达国家的知识产权拥有者,利用他们在知识产权领域里的优势,把知识产权作为垄断手段限制竞争对手的现象日趋严重。而从我国现有的法律来看,虽然有些条款可以用来对知识产权的垄断行为进行限制,但是由于可操作性不强。效果并不理想。因此,我国应该联系世界发达国家和立法状况以及我国目前的实际情况,尽早制定出在知识产权领域中的反垄断法。