论跨国公司之法律主体地位

跨国公司作为主体参与国内国际社会活动的能力与事实并存.依法律主体资格的唯一衡量标准——法是否直接赋予其权利义务,跨国公司享有国内法主体地位,但不享有国际法主体地位.对法赋予跨国公司主体地位的可能性分析须从法的根本目的出发,并结合现实社会实践综合考量.作为国内国际社会的重要参加者,跨国公司对现有法律体系下各法律主体享有权利承担义务及法所保护的社会秩序均有重大影响,这决定了其享有相应国内国际法主体地位的发展趋势.     

论动物福利立法的限度及其定位——兼谈动物福利立法中动物的法律地位

从道德和道德法律化的角度看,给予动物福利其实就是科加人对动物的道德义务,而动物福利立法的实质便是把这种道德义务上升为法律义务,即实现动物道德的法律化。不过,动物并未就此获得法律主体地位,它只是一种"物格"弱于一般客体物的"准物"而已。由于道德法律化是有条件的,动物福利立法也应有限度,只有那些获得社会普遍认同和共同遵守的基本动物道德,才可通过立法程序上升为法律规范。对此,我们可用"利益关系分析法"和"利益层次分析法"来大致界定"基本动物道德"的范围;用自卫原则、对称原则、最少损害原则、分配正义原则以及补偿正义原则,来对动物福利立法进行较明确的定位,以妥善处理动物福利和人的利益的关系。     

论业主委员会的法律地位

业主委员会的性质和地位问题,是《物权法》颁布前后一直没有明确的问题。应当尽快通过制定配套法律法规、实施细则和司法解释等途径来解决这一问题。立法上应当借鉴外国立法经验,仔细研究法国、德国等国相关立法现状,确认符合条件的业主团体的法人资格,细化业主委员会相关制度,加强政府有关部门对业主委员会工作的指导和协助,进一步理顺业主与业主大会和业主委员会的关系,以此解决我国《物权法》实施过程中在业主委员会制度方面可能出现的问题。     

中小物流企业信息化的现状与发展对策

我国中小物流企业信息化程度较低,绝大多数中小物流企业尚不具备运用信息技术处理物流信息的能力,这与物流行业的快速发展极不相称。为解决制约我国中小物流企业信息化建设的瓶颈问题,政府部门应加强宏观环境的规范化和标准化建设,企业内部应加快自身信息化建设,社会机构则应加快物流信息技术人才的培养。只有这样,才能有效地推动中小物流企业的信息化发展。     

《国际备用证惯例》中通知人之法律地位及其权责探悉

与《跟单信用证统一惯例 (1993年修订 )》相比 ,《国际备用证惯例》中通知人有着独特的法律地位和权利义务 ,在实践中通知人应当注意防范风险。     

论国际法上的国家身份建构

国家不仅是一种建立在实效性原则上的实体,也是一种国际主体身份的建构与认同。国际社会里的共识观念、秩序和规则对国家身份的建构有着极为重要的作用,但在现代国际社会里所逐步形成并可把握运用的主要是一些基本的框架和原则。而建立在客观基础上博弈互动的承认则对国家身份建构具有重要的构成性质、意义和作用。国家作为一种主体身份是可以独立存在和传承、延续的。因而,把实效性要素与主权要素等非实效性要素相结合的国家身份建构是恰当合理的,国家身份的建构不能简单地依靠国际法规则的制订与完善,它只能是在一定的国际法框架、原则基础上由各种因素复杂博弈而成。     

Responses to Gender Inequality in the Division of Family Work: The Status Quo Effect

This study addresses responses to gender inequality in the division of family work as well as the outcomes of those responses. Ninety-eight husbands and 95 wives responded to stimulus information manipulated by means of scenarios. Participants reported more wife-demand/husband-withdraw interaction than husband-demand/wife-withdraw interaction when the wife was discontent with her spouse's contribution to family work, but the demand/withdraw interaction patterns were reported equally when the husband was discontent. The data showed support for the Status Quo Effect Hypothesis: The likelihood that the spouse's contribution to family work remained unchanged (i.e., status quo maintenance) was rated higher than the likelihood that the spouse would increase his/her contribution to family work. In line with this, when the wife was discontent, wife-demand/husband-withdraw interaction was negatively related to the likelihood that the spouse would do more family work. Finally, participants reported a greater likelihood for discontent spouses than for content spouses to increase their own contribution, but discontent husbands were more likely to do so than discontent wives.     

农村留守妻子家庭地位的性别考察

农村中“男工女耕”的分工模式、“丈夫外出,妻子留守”已是普遍现象,这种新的分工模式是否提高与改善了农村妇女的家庭地位,是值得我们关注的。经过考察、分析发现,这一新的分工模式并没有从根上改善农村妇女的家庭地位,而只是再现了性别不平等关系。因此,我们应对如何提高留守妻子这一群体的家庭地位提出相应的对策。     

The methods and measures of centrography and the spatial dynamics of rape

Technique known as centrography are presented in order to demonstrate their utility for describing and measuring the salient features of a spatial distribution and for facilitating temporal and comparative analyses in discerning trends and contrasting spatial distributions of crime. Centrographic techniques are applied to a 5-year data set of lone-assailant rapes classified by type of offender. The results indicate that different classes of offenders have relatively distinctive spatial distributions. Moreover, changes in the spatial distributions of offender classes, through time, are not uniform.     

Attributions for fair exchange outcomes: The effects of power and status

This study focuses on how two fundamental social factors, structural power position and social status, affect attributions for relatively common, non-problematic exchange outcomes. We argue that the relative power and statuses of dyad members activate expectations of competence which in turn shape attributions in the situation. Subjects assumed the role of a typist described in a vignette of a transaction between a typist and a student needing a paper typed. We manipulated power positions in the vignette by varying the value and availability of the resource each actor desired; subject's sex and that of the fictive student represented social statuses. Despite the typicality of the exchange situation, results indicated that status and, to some extent power, created variation in the strength of attributions for the exchange outcome. Females, presumably expected to be more competent typists, made stronger self-attributions for the typing payment than males. Similarly, those in high power positions tended to attribute the payment more to themselves than occupants of low power positions.