中国古代的外室现象与妇女地位

外室本是指那些未经媒妁之言而与男子同居的妇女,后来便成为男子私下偷娶的姬妾的专称。这种现象产生于魏晋,盛行于隋唐,两宋以后变成公开合法。一夫多妻是我国封建社会合法的婚姻制度,男子大可不必偷娶外室,但由于某些原因,外室现象在中国古代还颇为流行,成为婚姻生活中的一个重要组成部分,对家庭对社会都产生了一定的影响。本文系统论述了外室现象的产生和发展的历史,从另一个角度论证了中国妇女地位的变迁。     

中国大陆与台湾刑法罚金刑比较

作为一种财产刑,罚金刑在我国大陆刑法的刑罚体系中占据重要地位,与我国台湾刑法中的罚金刑制度相比较,大陆刑法有关罚金刑的诸多规定还有待完善。通过对两岸罚金刑制度的简要比较,寻求大陆罚金刑制度的改革方向,完善罚金刑制度的具体设计。     

如何推动中欧关系深入发展

过去3年中欧关系是绘制蓝图和确立目标时期,目前中欧关系已进入勇于解决问题和实现雄心壮志的阶段。双方应抓住谈判签署新的合作协定的机会,将战略伙伴关系定义为“贸易战略伙伴 全球负责任伙伴”。这是介于普通的合作伙伴和军事结盟之间、基于二者间的合作对于双方本身以及全球问题均具有战略影响的一种新型伙伴关系。中国在与欧盟发展战略伙伴关系时要把握欧洲的特殊性,认识到欧盟是一个特殊和复杂的国际行为体,并对其内部的差异性做到心中有数。解决武器禁售问题需要外交技巧,中国应主动与欧盟一道共同影响和改变美国的态度。市场经济地位问题的解决则有赖于中欧经贸关系大背景的改善。     

关于公安指挥中心重新定位的思考——首都警方警务指挥体系改革实践的启示

首都警方“加强勤务指挥工作推进社会治安整体防控体系建设”的工作思路,是关于指挥中心重新定位的实践性探索。重新确定指挥中心的地位是社会治安整体防控体系建设的需要,指挥调度作用对象的调整表明指挥中心的职责范围有了重大突破,指挥中心地位及职责范围的重新界定必然要求建立新的运行机制。     

论高等学校与学生的法律关系

随着一些教育领域的行政复议和行政诉讼案的出现,法学界、教育学界等学术界人士也开始从学理上探讨高等学校与学生的关系。高等学校与学生的法律关系既不是典型的行政法律关系,也不是典型的民事法律关系,而是一种结构复杂的具有多重属性的复合型法律关系,总体上是基于教育与受教育的活动而形成的教育关系。     

泰国北部的云南穆斯林--秦和人

“秦和人”一词 ,是泰语对历史上形成并生活在泰国北部清迈、清莱一带祖籍云南的回汉两族侨胞的统称 ,19世纪后 ,被当时旅居东南亚地区的西方殖民官员、探险家和传教士按泰语北部方言拼写成Cin -Ho/Chin -Ho ,或简称为Ho/Haw/Hor,大量进入其日记、札记、信函和旅行报告中。但由于云南回族马帮商人前往泰北的时间最早 ,商贸活动最频繁 ,移居时间最早 ,所占人数最多 ,因此西方文献和今天泰语中惯称的所谓“秦和人” ,又主要专指云南籍回族穆斯林。清迈府县城乡共有 9个秦和穆斯林区 ,阿拉伯语和汉语是他们的主要语言 ,清迈府城的王和街浓缩了云南籍的秦和人移居泰国北部的历史 ,现已成为以云南籍回族穆斯林为主的秦和人在今日泰国社会存在的一种文化象征。     

Resilience in Inner City Youth: Childhood Predictors of Occupational Status Across the Lifespan

The present prospective study has followed a cohort of inner city men from adolescence (14±2) until age 65. While previous studies of shorter duration have identified numerous childhood factors that powerfully influence outcomes in young adulthood, this study examined the effect of these well-documented prognostic factors on occupational status across the lifespan. Consistent with previous studies, childhood environmental protector factors and parental social class predicted occupational status at age 25 significantly, but showed progressively weaker prediction at ages 32, 47 and 65. Timely early childhood development proved over time to be a far more important predictor than childhood social environment in adulthood. Ana C. DiRago is a Psychology Ph.D. student in the Clinical Science and Psychopathology Research area. She is involved with the Minnesota Twin Family Study. Her research interests include resilience and behavioral genetics in mood and anxiety disorders. George E. Vaillant is a Professor at Harvard Medical School. He has spent the last 30 years as Director of the Study of Adult Development charting adult development and the recovery process of schizophrenia, heroin addiction, and alcoholism. George considers Dan Offer a friend and long distance teacher.     

The EU,Economic Partnership Agreements and Africa

Africa has been divided into four groups of states by the European Union in the negotiation of Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) that will define the relationship between Africa and Europe in the future. The EPAs are unfair. They demand reciprocity between the EU countries collectively and each African country individually and they set conditions that will be demanded by any other country or groups of countries with which African countries seek trade arrangements. Further, separate EPAs among different groupings of African countries will undermine Africa’s wider integration efforts, leaving it in thrall to EU companies. In their present form the EPAs are not in Africa’s interest and will unnecessarily undermine the potential for Europe’s improved relationship with the continent.     

Forensic Age Estimation Using Thin‐Slice Multidetector CT of the Clavicular Epiphyses Among Adolescent Western Chinese

Reaching the age of 18 years is the most significant step for criminal proceedings in China. In this study, a population of 752 individuals was recruited to clarify how strong the chronological age relates to clavicular ossification status revealed by CT scans with 1 mm slice thickness in the West China Han population. Finally, the epiphysis was observed to commence fusion in females at 16.28 years and 16.74 years in males and be fully ossified by 25.97 years in females and 25.81 years in males. These findings suggested that ossification of medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilage can be used in age estimation for West China Han population with the age threshold of 18 years. By comparison with previous German studies, our results suggested that the pace of ossification of medial clavicular epiphyseal cartilage may be potentially affected by socioeconomic status.     

Do the Joneses Help You Keep Up? A Natural Experiment in Exposure to Nonpoor Neighbors

This study capitalizes on a natural experiment in Montgomery County, Maryland, where low-income applicant families are randomly assigned to public housing that is either (a) clustered within seven public housing developments or (b) scattered into market-rate subdivisions via the county's inclusionary zoning policy. Through a survey of 453 public housing residents, we find that adults who lived in scattered public housing reported a lower proportion of low-socioeconomic status (SES) social ties generally and a lower proportion of low-SES neighbors specifically in their social networks. They also counted more high-SES individuals in their social networks, and this effect was related to the amount of time they lived in the neighborhood. Living in scattered public housing had no adverse effect on feelings of neighborhood belonging or satisfaction. The socioeconomic composition of respondents' social networks was associated with two health outcomes for respondents (smoking and depression) and modestly associated with respondents' household income.