Effects of Trait Anger and Negative Attitudes Towards Women on Physical Assault in Dating Relationships

The present study investigated the combined effect of trait anger and negative attitudes towards women (i.e., hostility towards women, calloused sexual beliefs) on frequency of physical aggression in premarital relationships. A total of 263 college-aged men who reported that they were either currently involved in a romantic relationship or had been involved in at least one romantic relationship during the past 12 months were recruited. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires, including the Conflict Tactics Scale-2, Trait Anger Scale, Hostility Towards Women Scale, and Hypermasculinity Inventory. Correlational analyses indicated that trait anger, hostility towards women, and calloused sexual beliefs were positively associated with frequency of physical assault. Further, hierarchical regression analyses indicated that both hostility towards women and calloused sexual beliefs moderated the relationship between trait anger and frequency of physical assault, such that in men who possess more negative attitudes towards women, higher levels of trait anger lead to increased physical assault. Results provide initial support for the role of trait anger in dating violence and suggest the existence of a subgroup among premaritally violent males who possess negative attitudes toward women and also possess a strong tendency to experience intense levels of anger.     

The European Trips-Plus Model and The Arab World: From Co-Operation to Association— A New Era in the Global IPRS Regime?

The advocation of stronger and higher levels of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) protection has been on the rise in recent years, particularly since the establishment of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 1995. Although its establishment signalled the beginning of a new phase in the protection of IPRs internationally, no more than a decade later, it is seen that such a regime is still undergoing a number of significant changes. In this regard, the rise of bilateralism and the retreat of multilateralism resulted in the so-called ‹TRIPS-Plus’ recipe in which developing countries are increasingly giving way to the demands of the industrialised countries through incorporating higher levels of IPRs protection domestically. Although the USA has often been viewed as the primary advocator and enforcer of the TRIPS-Plus recipe globally, this article shows that in fact the European Union (EU) advocated the TRIPS-Plus recipe long before the USA. Thus, this article discusses the case of the European TRIPS-Plus model with the Arab World as a clear demonstration of such a trend. Developing and Arab countries are now faced with two determined superpowers acting at both the unilateral and bilateral levels to achieve their desired higher standards of IPRs protection worldwide. This will further erode the flexibilities of the TRIPS Agreement, and will entail grave repercussions for both the developing and Arab countries. LLM, PhD, Lecturer in Law, University of Central Lancashire (UCLAN), UK. The author may be contacted at mel-said@uclan.ac.uk     

文件上有色指印非纹线特征的应用研究

为了充分地发掘模糊指印形态特征在司法实践中的可用性和实用性,我们利用文件上有色指印的阶段性痕迹--墨迹边缘状态、积墨形态分布“、空白”形态分布及其相互位置关系等非纹线特征,分析研究了不同捺印人以油墨为介质连续捺印的样本指印50组共200枚,结果发现使用非纹线特征能够准确地分辨出同一手指连续捺印的同组指印。本文还对应用指印非纹线特征的各项技术要点进行了讨论,并且列举了该方法用于鉴定实践的三个成功案例。指印非纹线特征的应用不仅改变了对模糊指印只能出“具不具备鉴定条件”的结论模式,而且使适合使用该方法的被检指印形成相对时间的难题得到解决。     

刍议乡土社会变迁与法律信仰培植

乡民对国家法律缺乏信仰,直接影响到法治建设的成败。法律信仰危机,是因为有限的法律认知、人治传统、法律制度、司法等多种因素导致的。培植法律信仰需要我们制定出完美的法律、一支合格的司法队伍及强化公民个体权利意识的培养。     

把GDP放在干部考核的合适位置

GDP是反映经济运行状况的重要指标,近年来它也逐渐成为干部考核的重要指标,在一些地方GDP成为衡量干部政绩、决定干部升迁去留的决定性因素。要树立和落实科学发展观,必须把GDP放在干部考核的合适位置,以引导干部创造实实在在的政绩。     

Youthful animal abuse and later problem behavior outcomes: findings from two generations

The objective of this study was to document the long-term relationship between youthful animal abuse and a variety of problem behavior outcomes later in life. Data were used from a national, longitudinal, and multigenerational sample collected by the National Youth Survey Family Study, which assessed families across 27 years from 1977 to 2004. The analytic sample consisted of 2538 individuals who were analyzed using multivariate ordinary least squares and logistic regression modeling that controlled for important demographic factors. Hypotheses were tested across two generations separately showing that a history of animal abuse does, indeed, predict later problem behaviors, including serious offending, marijuana use, other drug use, alcohol use, and deviant beliefs. Depending on the outcome examined, each model accounts for 5–34% of the variation in respondents’ problem behaviors. Within each model, animal abuse was often one of the strongest predictors. Implications of these findings, the study’s limitations, and future research directions are discussed.     

基于内心信念的证据认证

对证据的认证是法庭审理的一个关键环节,而事实审理者对案件证据的认知集中反映在他在审理过程中对这些证据的信念上。因此,通过对主体内心信念的描述就可以了解主体对证据的认知情况。本文从认识论角度探讨了事实审理者评判证据的方法:首先,分析了信念的一般特征,并通过对信念与知识的关系的分析提出法庭事实发现过程实际上就是一个由证据获得案件知识(确证了的真信念)的过程;其次,通过实例阐述了证据支持力的分配及作用过程;最后,在论述部分信念的兰姆赛度量方法基础上重点探讨了基于证据支持的信念函数方法及证据信念的组合规则。     

中国高校科技成果研发及其产业化的法律问题浅究

本文拟从产权法律保护、专利文献利用、创制激励机制、规范中介机构、引入风险机制以及税收优惠照顾等方面来探讨中国高科技成果的研发及其产业化的法律问题     

日本证券法之操纵市场罪及其借鉴价值

日本证券法中关于操纵证券市场罪规定了三种操纵形态,包括伪装交易、变动交易与安定操作。三种操纵形态中又分别规定了更为详细的操纵行为。日本的操纵证券市场罪在立法形式、犯罪主观要件、法人处罚、安定操作以及操纵的委托与受托等方面有其独特性,具有参考借鉴的价值。     

改革成果分享依据研究——社会受益权视角的解析

财富的生产是有规律的,但财富的分配却主要是制度安排的结果,这就是社会受益权——一项新的法律权利——提出的核心理据。社会财富的分配依据有一个历史的嬗变进程,而传统的分配依据与公平分享改革成果之间存在着巨大的张力。现行的分配格局是我国以往分配法律制度安排的结果,修正这种分配格局必须有正当的理据。惟有突破现有的思维模式,对分配依据进行法律限度的拓展,并以社会受益权的型构为契机,以权利的介涉为进路,才能建立起人民共享改革成果的长效机制。