US police officers’ knowledge regarding behaviors indicative of deception: Implications for eradicating erroneous beliefs through training

Abstract

The current study surveyed a random sample of Texas law enforcement officers (n?=?109) about their knowledge regarding behaviors indicative of deception. The officers were not highly knowledgeable about this topic, overall performing at a chance level in assessing how various behavioral cues relate to deception. Confidence in one's skill was unrelated to accuracy, and officers who reported receiving the most training and utilizing these skills more often were more confident but no more accurate in their knowledge of the behaviors that typically betray deception. The authors compare these results to previous studies that have examined officers’ beliefs in other countries and discuss the implication of these results in terms of developing future training programs that may debunk the common misconceptions that officers possess.     

Gendered Pathways to Bullying Perpetration via Social Achievement Goals – Mediating Effects of Sense of Belonging and Non-inclusive Group Norms

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the gender-specific effects of social achievement goals – i.e., social development goals, social demonstration approach goals, and social demonstration avoid goals – on bullying perpetration in a sample of 788 adolescents (53.3% girls), taking into account the mediating role of sense of belonging and non-inclusive group norms. Two-group structural equation modeling results indicated that social demonstration approach goals positively predicted bullying perpetration for both genders. For girls, higher social development goals and for boys, higher social avoidance goals decreased bullying perpetration. Gender-specific effects of belonging and non-inclusive group norms on bullying perpetration occurred. For boys, non-inclusive group norms mediated the relation between all social achievement goals and bullying perpetration. Implications for future research and (gender-sensitive) bullying interventions are discussed.     

Beliefs in a Just World as a Buffer Against Anger

Anger is the emotion typically accompanying unfairness appraisals. Belief in a just world (BJW) was expected to buffer against angry feelings because subjects high in BJW play down unfairness, justify unfairness as being self-inflicted, and avoid self-focused rumination. Three studies were run to test this hypothesis. A questionnaire study revealed that subjects who strongly endorse the belief in a personally just world are less likely to experience anger and, if they do experience such feelings, are less likely to suppress them. In two experiments, an angry, a happy, or a sad mood was induced. In the anger-evoking condition, subjects high in BJW were less angry and suffered no decrease in self-esteem compared to subjects low in BJW, who reported increased feelings of anger and decreased self-esteem. It is concluded that individuals high in BJW are better able to cope with anger-evoking situations, and that BJW can be seen as a personal resource protecting not only mental but also physical health.     

有事法制与《日本国宪法》的危机——兼论有事七法案的通过对日本和平宪法的影响

2004年6月14日,日本国会通过了有事七法案。有事七法案的通过标志着日本有事法律体系的全面建立。然而,《日本国宪法》第9条明文规定日本放弃一切战争权利并不得保持任何战争力量。由此,有事法制便与《日本国宪法》产生了矛盾性。本文在系统介绍有事法制的基础上分析了有事七法案及有事法律体系的建立对于《日本国宪法》的影响。     

村民自治的绩效分析

村民自治作为我国农村基层群众性自治组织形式和有效管理方式,其效能是积极的,收效是显著的,不管就其产生的原本价值而论,还是二十多年的实践过程而言,都充分地证明了这一点。对它的这一特点进行梳理并作充分论证,是写作本文的主旨。     

The Fox and the Hunters: How IC Technologies Change the Crime Race

The article deals with the impact of new technologies on crime. Specifically, the analysis develops two aspects: an analysis of how new technologies are reshaping criminal typologies, dynamics and trends; and an analysis of the most important challenges that legislation, law enforcement and science have to face in order to prevent and combat Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)-related crime. From the methodological perspective, each section opens with a specific question and develops by trying to find a suitable answer. The paper starts by analysing what impact new technologies have on society and crime. It continues by examining how criminal patterns are changing (How does ICT facilitate the commission of new and traditional crimes?) and who these criminals are (Are criminals really going cyber?). It ends by focusing on the other side, on how crime is prevented and combated (How are technologies reshaping the approach and the fight against crime at legal, law enforcement and scientific levels?). The analysis and the results achieved show that new technologies are valuable means in the hand of both criminals and institutions involved in the fight against crime. There is thus an urgent need to improve knowledge about the phenomena, and develop new paradigms and theories together with best practices.     

多发性侵财案件特征分析简

当前,多发性侵财案件在某种程度上成为反映社会治安形势的“晴雨表”,严重影响着人民群众的幸福感、安全感,人民群众反映强烈,各级党委、政府高度关注.从系统的角度对多发性侵财案件特征进行全面分析,可以为科学制定侦查对策、提高多发性侵财案件侦查效益、维护社会治安形势稳定提供理论支持.     

《民法典》法定解除权的配置机理与统一基础

《民法典》中的法定解除权基于不同法定事由产生，但在法教义学上有统一的基础。一是它们均导致基于不同角度判断的“合同目的不能实现”；二是法定解除权使当事人摆脱合同义务，重获行动自由，且通常产生新的债权债务关系。《民法典》合同编通则中的法定解除权规范蕴含了效率、公平、诚实信用等不同理念，分则中的解除权规范多为通则规范的具体化，但也包含对当事人之间的人合性、法益权衡等的考量。法定解除权的终极正当性依据需要从当事人的合意中寻求，法定解除权与契约自由并非扞格不入，但前提是立法者对当事人美德的想象。与《合同法》相比，《民法典》强化了合同解除在终结合同僵局、建构当事人新法律关系方面的功能。但解释论还需澄清法定解除权的一般要件、不安抗辩权与预期违约中解除权的衔接、固定期限继续性合同履行中的僵局等问题。     

论涉众型经济案件的定性及其犯罪预防——以“福鼎会案”与“万家购物网”案为例

涉众型经济案件中罪与非罪的定性问题是处理该类案件的重要难点之一。通过对“福鼎会案”与“万家购物网”案的考察，可知对涉众型经济案件的实体认定，需要剖析经济行为的运行模式和获利来源的实质，并分析其正当性和合法性，再据此对其予以罪与非罪的准确定性。与此同时，亦应当从三个方面规范经济行为、加强对经济行为的引导和管理，加强对经济行为的监督和防范、遏制经济犯罪苗头，加大宣传力度、提高社会公众的防范意识，实现对涉众型经济犯罪的预防。     

涉贪网络舆情的应对和处置

网络作为一种新兴的传播方式,因参与人数众多、传播渠道多样、传播速度快捷而迅速形成外围的力量,影响着检察机关的职务犯罪侦查工作。随着越来越多贪污腐败事件的曝光掀起网络舆情热潮,越来越多的官员受到查处而最终"落马"。检察机关如何有效应对与处置涉贪网络舆情,完成网络线索的证据化转变,实现从网络反腐到制度反腐的对接,成为新形势下考量检察机关职务犯罪侦查能力的重要标准。