“依法执法”观念的深入思考——以城管执法为例的剖析

城市的临商现象是社会发展到一定阶段的必然产物,与市场经济制度结伴而生。透过对临商现象城管执法的分析不难看出,行政执法活动必须注意执法的经济环境和影响的作用,脱离经济条件的决定作用,孤立的谈依法行政、严格执法,其结果一方面会导致法之不行、损害法律的严肃性、权威性;另一方面也会导致执法者与被执法者的矛盾、对立和冲突。固此,要从经济社会发展的现实需要出发,制定相应的、切实可行的执法原则、执法方略,以有效应对这一社会现象。     

新中国成立以来长征纪念活动述论

1934年至1936年的红军长征,是中国共产党和中国人民解放军历史上的重大事件,在中国历史以至世界历史上也都具有重要影响。在中国革命史上,长征发挥了打通门径、扭转时局、推动历史的关键作用,也因此成为中国共产党的重要政治资源,并在经济、文化、社会等领域产生了重大而深远的影响。新中国成立70多年来,党和国家举行了一系列长征纪念活动,总体而言纪念规格越来越高,社会影响越来越大,活动内容日趋丰富,社会功能愈加彰显。长征纪念活动既是带有很强政治属性的一种仪式和象征,也是新中国历史发展演变的一个窗口和缩影。通过对长征纪念活动的考察和分析,可以帮助我们更准确地扪摸马克思主义中国化时代化大众化的脉动,更深刻地认识党和国家历史发展的走向。     

试述校园文化活动对大学生人格培育的影响

大学生人格培育是人才培养质量的关键环节,大学校园文化活动对大学生人格培育有重要影响。开展校园文化活动,首先要建立保障机制,确保校园文化活动的顺利进行;其次要打造以学术文化活动为主流的校园文化活动;第三要凸显专业优势,创建高水平的校园文化活动;第四要充分利用网络资源,强化网络文化活动的宣传和服务功能;第五要开展校园文化活动必须以党团文化活动为先导;第六要开展校园文化活动必须紧紧依托社会舞台,拓宽大学生人格培育的开放空间。     

青少年运用互联网现状及对策研究 --来自浙江省的调查报告

随着经济社会的快速发展,青少年与互联网的关系越来越密切.从调查情况看,互联网的双重特征日益凸现,负面影响也日趋严重,主要表现为色情、暴力、恶劣刺激性游戏、赌博、网恋、黑客等等.这些都直接影响了青少年的身心健康,有的甚至发展到了网络犯罪.网络污染正成为影响青少年成长日益严重的社会问题.     

关于“民间反扒组织”合法性的探讨

扒窃活动具有犯罪与一般违法的双重性质,因而反扒活动亦相应具有侦查性质与治安查处性质;公安机关是反扒活动唯一法定主体;民间组织反扒活动不具有合法性,群众组织只能在公安机关组织指挥下协助反扒;现行"民间反扒组织"必须更名和调整活动范围.     

Participation in Extracurricular Activities and Adolescent Adjustment: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Findings

This study extends previous understanding of the association between adolescent extracurricular activity participation and adjustment by asking whether participation in school-based extracurricular activities is associated with lower substance use and depression, higher grades and academic aspirations, and more positive attitude toward school. In addition, it examines the role of life events stress and time spent in activities as potential moderators of the association. Data come from an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents from 6 California highschools (N = 3,761). Cross-sectional results suggest participation is associated with more positive adolescent outcomes for all variables except alcohol use and depression, controlling for gender, ethnicity, and grade. Longitudinal analyses are consistent with these findings. Cumulative participation over a 3-year period predicts adolescent outcomes controlling for both Time 1 outcomes and demographic characteristics. In addition, within-person analyses reveal year-to-year covariation of participation and positive outcomes. Dr. Darling is a developmental psychologist whose research focuses on social relationships during adolescence, with a special interest in contextual variation in developmental processes.     

The Effects of Adolescent Activities on Delinquency: A Differential Involvement Approach

T. Hirschi’s (1969, Causes of Delinquency. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA) control theory proposes that involvement, as an element of the social bond, should reduce delinquency. But, research studies have found that the effect of involvement is rather weak. This study reformulates Hirschi’s involvement hypothesis by posing involvement as a social setting variable and a differential factor. Certain activities provide a social setting favorable to the development of the social bond and the reduction in delinquent association. The reformulated hypothesis is examined based on a sample of Grade 7–12 students in a Western Canadian city. The results reveal that school- and family-related activities strengthen the social bond and reduce delinquent association and delinquency. In contrast, other conventional activities such as spending time with friends and dating have the opposite effects. In addition, the indirect effect of differential involvement on delinquency through the social bond and delinquent association is stronger than its direct effect. Thus, the undesirable effects of the less-positive activities on delinquency may be buffered or reduced by strengthening the social bond and reducing delinquent association.Siu Kwong Wong is an Associate Professor of Sociology at Brandon University. He received his Ph.D. in Sociology from Washington State University. His major research interests are in the study of delinquency and social disorganization.     

Gender/Racial Differences in Jock Identity,Dating, and Adolescent Sexual Risk

Despite recent declines in overall sexual activity, sexual risk-taking remains a substantial danger to US youth. Existing research points to athletic participation as a promising venue for reducing these risks. Linear regressions and multiple analyses of covariance were performed on a longitudinal sample of nearly 600 Western New York adolescents in order to examine gender- and race-specific relationships between jock identity and adolescent sexual risk-taking, including age of sexual onset, past-year and lifetime frequency of sexual intercourse, and number of sexual partners. After controlling for age, race, socioeconomic status, and family cohesion, male jocks reported more frequent dating than nonjocks but female jocks did not. For both genders, athletic activity was associated with lower levels of sexual risk-taking; however, jock identity was associated with higher levels of sexual risk-taking, particularly among African American adolescents. Future research should distinguish between subjective and objective dimensions of athletic involvement as factors in adolescent sexual risk.Research Scientist at the Research Institute on Addictions of the University at Buffalo. Received PhD in sociology from the University at Buffalo. Research interests include adolescent athletic involvement, gender, race, and health-risk behavior, particularly substance use.Department Chair and Professor of Sociology at the University at Buffalo. Received PhD in sociology from Yale University. Research interests include the effects of families, friendships, and organizational participation on adolescent development and substance use.Senior Research Scientist at the Research Institute on Addictions of the University at Buffalo. Received PhD in sociology from the University at Buffalo. Research interests include family influences on adolescent substance use, gambling, and other problem behaviors.Professor of Physical Education and Sport at SUNY College at Brockport. Received PhD in physical education from Ohio State University. Research interests include the sociology of sport, social psychology of sport, sport group dynamics, and sport spectatorship/fandom.Professor of Sociology at DYouville College. Received PhD in sociology from the University at Buffalo. Research interests include the sociology of sport, gender, and mens health.     

Community Influence on Adolescent Obesity: Race/Ethnic Differences

Using a sample of 20,000 adolescents (Add Health data), this study examined the influences of community poverty and race/ethnicity on adolescent obesity. Multilevel analyses revealed strong evidence for the unique influences of community poverty and race/ethnicity on adolescent obesity net of family characteristics. The prevalence of obesity is significantly higher in poor communities than in affluent communities; and it is higher among African Americans, Hispanics and Native Americans than among Whites. The interaction between race/ethnicity and community poverty indicates that race/ethnicity moderates the influence of community poverty on the prevalence of obesity. Although the prevalence of obesity is higher among minorities than among Whites, the influence of community poverty is stronger for Whites than for minorities, suggesting that unlike Whites, most minority groups may not accrue benefits of structural community advantages. The state of being overweight as the outcome variable provided essentially the same findings. The practical implications are discussed.     

Youth suicide in New Mexico: a 26-year retrospective review

Although suicidal behavior in children and adolescents is a major public health problem, large-scale research on suicide in this population is uncommon. In this study, we reviewed autopsy and field reports for all pediatric suicide cases referred to the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator from 1979 to 2005. The age-adjusted suicide rate was 4.8 per 100,000. Psychologic stressors and parasuicidal behavior were identified in some cases. Seventy-six percent of suicides occurred in the victim's home or yard, and 25% left a suicide note. In 26% of cases, alcohol or other drugs were detected in postmortem. Gunshot wound was the most common method overall (58%), followed by hanging (30%). Although the age-adjusted suicide rate is higher in New Mexico than nationally, the trends in the population are similar. With a solid understanding of the circumstances, it may be possible to predict, and hopefully prevent, future cases of child and adolescent death.