The epistemological crisis of counterterrorism

This article describes the nature, origins and consequences of the epistemological crisis at the heart of contemporary counterterrorism. The epistemological crisis of counterterrorism is an identifiable epistemic posture towards knowledge about, as well as a way of acting towards, the terrorist threat. It manifests itself discursively in the manner in which officials, scholars, pundits and others speak about the threat of terrorism, and the way counterterrorism and security practitioners then act in pursuit of security against that threat. The article argues that many of the bizarre counterterrorist practices regularly observed in many Western countries, as well as costly and counterproductive counterterrorist practices such as preemptive war, targeted killings, mass surveillance, torture, control orders and de-radicalisation programmes, among others, are neither anomalous nor irrational in the context of the new paradigm. Rather, they flow logically and directly from the particular paranoid logic, which is constitutive of the epistemological crisis. The article concludes with a discussion about how and why critical scholars can and should attempt to resist and deconstruct it.     

EARLY LIFE RISKS,ANTISOCIAL TENDENCIES,AND PRETEEN DELINQUENCY

Early age‐of‐onset delinquency and substance use confer a major risk for continued criminality, alcohol and drug abuse, and other serious difficulties throughout the life course. Our objective is to examine the developmental roots of preteen delinquency and substance use. By using nationally representative longitudinal data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (N= 13,221), we examine the influence of early childhood developmental and family risks on latent pathways of antisocial tendencies from 3 to 7 years of age, and the influence of those pathways on property crime and substance use by 11 years of age. We identified a normative, nonantisocial pathway; a pathway marked by oppositional behavior and fighting; a pathway marked by impulsivity and inattention; and a rare pathway characterized by a wide range of antisocial tendencies. Children with developmental and family risks that emerged by 3 years of age—specifically difficult infant temperament, low cognitive ability, weak parental closeness, and disadvantaged family background—face increased odds of antisocial tendencies. Minimal overlap is found between the risk factors for early antisocial tendencies and those for preteen delinquency. Children on an antisocial pathway are more likely to engage in preteen delinquency and substance use by 11 years of age even after accounting for early life risk factors.     

Combination of Face Regions in Forensic Scenarios

This article presents an experimental analysis of the combination of different regions of the human face on various forensic scenarios to generate scientific knowledge useful for the forensic experts. Three scenarios of interest at different distances are considered comparing mugshot and CCTV face images using MORPH and SC face databases. One of the main findings is that inner facial regions combine better in mugshot and close CCTV scenarios and outer facial regions combine better in far CCTV scenarios. This means, that depending of the acquisition distance, the discriminative power of the facial regions change, having in some cases better performance than the full face. This effect can be exploited by considering the fusion of facial regions which results in a very significant improvement of the discriminative performance compared to just using the full face.     

定量风险分析在恐怖袭击风险评估中的应用

本文回顾了定量风险分析的发展过程,提出了对恐怖主义风险进行评估、定量的方法。在定量过程中,根据已经获得的情报资料和以往类似事件的总结,结合专家意见,采用定量分析方法对数据进行处理,得出最可能的袭击目标,威胁的属性,确定出袭击的幕景。采用事故树分析其威胁模型,采用事件树分析系统脆弱性,得出袭击的后果及目标中存在的最大脆弱性。为在恐怖威胁下做出有效决策提供了理论依据。并以体育馆为例,用理论进行了实例分析。     

海战中对平民与战争受难者的保护

1994年的《圣雷莫手册》与1909年的《伦敦宣言》相距85年,两者都是海战法文献,但有关保护平民与战争受难者的规定却大不相同.《伦敦宣言》只是规定了交战国在拿捕禁运品和行使摧毁权时有关保护平民和战争受难者的问题,因为该宣言只是为当时打算建立的国际捕获法院制定的一个适用于国际捕获审判的国际公约;而《圣雷莫手册》则全面地规定了在海战中对平民与战争受难者的保护问题.因为它吸收了迄今有效的所有关于在海战中保护平民与战争受难者的国际法规范.从对两者的分析可以看出,20世纪关于在海战中保护平民与战争受难者的国际法已经有了很大的发展.但是,《圣雷莫手册》有些规定在实战中难以执行,有些规定不够详细,而且缺乏对违法者的惩治机制,这些正是海战法今后发展的趋势.     

乡镇领导干部作风建设解读

面对新形势新要求,如何进一步加强乡镇领导干部作风建设,使之担负起实现社会经济跨越式发展重任,是摆在我们面前的重要课题。文章分析了当前乡镇领导干部作风建设中存在的问题及原因,研究了新形势下加强乡镇领导干部作风建设的对策与措施。     

论政府对投资银行的风险监管

本轮金融危机中,投资银行业务过度创新而政府监管乏力,风险累积祸及世界.政府对投资银行的风险监管问题引起业界的高度关注.通过分析政府对投资银行监管的理论基础,探讨对投行监管的必要性及监管的目标.在分析政府对投资银行监管方面暴露的问题之后,提出政府应该为投资银行创设良好的运行环境,创建良好的信息披露和风险提示制度,特别是把好市场准人和退出关口及针对投资银行的业务链条设计风险监管制度,防止出现监管"真空",并且加强监管过程中的国际合作.     

构建青少年荣辱观教育的联动机制

加强青少年荣辱观教育，是社会发展的需要，也是青少年健康成长的需要。青少年荣辱观教育的基本任务是让他们明辨荣辱、存荣弃辱、行荣拒耻、以义求荣。为此，必须发挥家庭教育的奠基作用、学校教育的阵地作用、社会教育的熏陶作用和自我教育的内省作用，形成“四位一体”的联动机制，促进青少年健康成长和顺利成才。     

浅谈高校诉讼风险防范的法律思考——从学生管理的角度

近年来,高校因学生管理引起的诉讼案件不断增加。学术界和高校管理者对此表现了极大的关注,相关著述颇丰,大多是从高校败诉的案例出发,从“事后的角度”分析高校学生诉讼案例对学校管理的启示。文章试图以高校诉讼风险的事先防范为切入点,从学生管理的角度出发,就如何推进高校依法治校,加强高校法律风险防范的问题进行探讨和研究。