西北农村留守妇女社会支持网络对其心理健康的影响:来自甘肃省的调查发现

本文旨在了解西北农村留守妇女的社会支持网络状况及心理健康状况,并探究其社会支持网络特征对心理健康的影响。通过抽取甘肃省311名农村留守妇女为被试,采用社会支持网络量表和SCL-90量表进行调查,结果发现西北农村留守妇女的社会支持网络表现出规模偏小、强关系成员占多数、异质性较低、趋同性较高的特征;西北农村留守妇女群体的心理健康水平显著低于成年正常女性。此外,研究还发现西北农村留守妇女社会支持网络规模对其心理健康具有显著的负向影响,网络异质性、趋同性与其心理健康也有一定的相关关系。     

近10年唐宋妇女史研究的回顾与反思

近10年来,唐宋妇女史研究取得了累累硕果,发表论文专著百余篇,涉及诸多层面,主要有妇女地位问题、妇女生活、特殊群体妇女研究等方面,但也存在诸多不足,仍需要加强研究。     

女性领导力提升的非制度性障碍及对策分析

随着经济全球化和信息时代的发展,越来越多的女性领导者出现在政府机关和企事业单位的领导岗位上。女性领导者自身所拥有的特殊性格和品质使其在社会经济发展过程中的地位和作用不断提高,但传统文化、心理特性、社会习惯及女性群体自身的特质等一些非制度性的障碍因素仍制约着女性领导力的提升,因此,在新形势下,积极提升女性领导者的领导意愿、塑造女性领导者的人本主义精神和人性化的领导风格、提高女性领导者的科学决策水平、保障女性领导者的权益和工作时间对提升女性领导力显得尤为必要。     

Sense of Belonging Among High School Students Representing 4 Ethnic Groups

The authors investigated the dimensions and mechanisms of belonging relevant to motivation and achievement among high school students representing 4 ethnic groups. Using survey data from 9th to 12th grade students (N = 5,494) attending 7 ethnically-diverse high schools, structural equation modeling was employed to explore, independently for each ethnic group, the relationships between students’ perceptions of their belonging (encompassing relationships with teachers and peers, extracurricular involvement, and perceived ethnic-based discrimination), motivation (efficacy beliefs and valuing school activities), and academic success. All 4 measures of belonging were significant for European-American and Latino students. However, friendship nominations were not significant for all groups, suggesting potential variability in perspectives across ethnic groups. The strength of the structural model postulating belonging as a mediator, including statistically significant indirect paths, supported the hypothesis that the belonging construct accounted for much of the relationship between student motivation and success across groups.Beverly Faircloth is a doctoral candidate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her research interests include the developmental and motivational processes that support adolescent school engagement in ethnically diverse settings.Jill Hamm is an Assistant Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1996. Her research interests are adolescents’ peer relations in ethnically diverse schools and classrooms.     

Adolescent Boys and Body Image: Weight and Muscularity Concerns as Dual Pathways to Body Dissatisfaction

This research evaluated a dual pathway model for body dissatisfaction among adolescent boys. The study provides empirical support for the importance of distinguishing between weight and muscularity concerns in understanding male body image. A total of 128 boys from grades 8 and 11 completed a self-report questionnaire. Results indicated that weight and muscularity concerns each made unique contributions to body dissatisfaction and were associated with distinct individual and peer context characteristics. Weight concern was associated with elevated BMI and more frequent appearance conversations with friends. Muscularity concern was significantly greater among boys who reported more frequent muscle-building conversations, had lower BMI, and were older. The results support the importance of distinguishing between and assessing both muscularity and weight concerns in the development of body image dissatisfaction among adolescent boys.     

日本女性教育家与近代女子教育

近代日本的一些女教育家们参与或独立创办女子学校,鲜明地提出了自己的教育思想和理念,实施各具特色的教育方针,为近代日本女子教育的发展做出了重要贡献,在日本女子教育史乃至日本教育史上写下了壮丽的篇章。本文将从教育思想和理念、学校的影响以及社会活动等方面,来说明这些女教育家及其女子学校在近代日本女子教育史上的地位及作用,并在此基础上对女性与教育的互动作用做一些思考。     

论农村青年妇女的发展问题

农村青年妇女是当今社会一个相对弱势的边缘群体,逐步解决她们的发展问题,既可以缩小社会底层的人群数量,稳定社会生活,也可以为农业现代化提供高素质的劳动力,推动农村进步。这些制约农村青年妇女发展的因素,不仅涉及许多深层次的社会问题,而且也涉及深层次的心理问题,解决农村青年妇女发展问题需要一些新对策。     

从和谐的视野看亲密关系的冲突——家庭暴力与女性犯罪

家庭是社会的细胞,构建和谐家庭是构建和谐社会的基础。但在当前中国,许多家庭中男女两性并未达到真正的平等与和谐。男性对女性的家庭暴力及其所引发的女性犯罪就是这种两性冲突的极端反映。制止家庭暴力、预防女性犯罪、建构和谐家庭,是我们成功建构和谐社会的基石。     

农村女教师:撑起中国农村基础教育的半边天

本文基于2004年“全国中小学教师队伍基础调研”课题组对广西、福建、湖北、江苏、吉林、甘肃六省(区)的问卷调查数据,对农村女教师状况进行了系统分析。结论认为,农村女教师已成为农村基础教育中最具活力、有巨大发展潜力的群体。但是,鉴于女教师发展存在的问题,建议继续重视为农村学校配备女教师的工作,特别是在边远贫困、女性专业人才缺乏的地区,可通过政策倾斜、专项经费支持等措施增加女教师的数量和比例;继续加强对农村女教师的在职培训,重视对达到任职标准的农村女教师的提职晋升工作,特别是要增加拥有高级职称的女教师比例;注重对女校长的培养与任命。     

关于妇女现状与问题的思考

妇女问题是社会问题.因为历史和现实的诸多原因,我国目前还存在着大量妇女问题,解决这些问题是一项长期的社会系统工程,需要全社会的广泛参与和通力协作.