学习研究“三个代表”重要思想中的几个问题

为了准确理解和把握"三个代表"重要思想的科学内涵和精神实质,本文对学习贯彻"三个代表"重要思想中的若干问题提出了个人的见解。     

广东城市公用事业发展实证分析

改革开放以来,广东城市公用事业各项规模指标都有了很大程度的提高。多数行业都经历了前十年的飞速发展和后十年的低速发展。但与其他省市相比,各项城市公用事业发展具有不平衡性。城市供水、园林环卫和市政设施发展较好,城市燃气和公共交通则相对落后。从区域结构来看,广东的城市公用事业发展也不均衡。     

新型毒品滥用与反社会人格——一个犯罪心理学的透视

如果从犯罪心理学的视角,分析新型毒品滥用群体的人格特征,结合考察新型毒品与传统毒品之间的区别,则不难发现,新型毒品的心理依赖性背后,事实上反应了吸毒者群体中一种共性人格特征;而这种共性人格特征实际又与反社会人格障碍之间有着千丝万缕的联系,其深层原因,在于新型毒品对于反社会人格障碍者而言,是一种释放自身被规范所压抑的人格的最具吸引力,且最少责任的媒介。这就为我们提供了一条矫治新型毒品滥用者的新思路。     

犯罪嫌疑人临近供认心理初探

探索犯罪嫌疑人在被审讯中临近供认阶段的心理形成、变化及各种反应 ,把握犯罪嫌疑人临近供认时心理的行为特点、诊断途径和诊断方法 ,这对攻破犯罪嫌疑人的心理防线 ,抓住审讯的核心 ,提高讯问质量至关重要。     

Judging politicians: The role of political attentiveness in shaping how people evaluate the ethical behaviour of their leaders

Political theorists have developed well‐defined normative understandings of what constitutes ethical political conduct. Based on democratic theory as well as the demands of practical politics, these understandings prescribe certain types of behaviour and proscribe other types. However, it is unclear to what extent this normative framework has resonance for ordinary citizens. This article demonstrates that attention to politics tends to increase the resonance of this normative framework. The analysis identifies three norms about the holding of public office that are expected to structure citizens' ethical judgments: the avoidance of conflicts of interest; conformity with the law or institutional rules; and the maximisation of the public good. The article assesses the importance of these norms in structuring judgments by means of an experiment embedded in a population survey conducted in Great Britain. The analysis finds that informational cues pertaining to conflict‐of‐interest avoidance only condition responses among the attentive, while information pertaining to law conformity has far wider resonance. This finding has implications for approaches to political ethics focusing on normative considerations that appear to have low salience for much of the general public.     

205例高坠案件局部机械性损伤与死亡性质关系分析

目的探讨高坠案件中局部机械性损伤行为心理分析与死亡性质的关系,为此类案件的定性提供参考。方法收集2008—2013年高坠死亡案件311例,其中存在高坠难以形成的局部机械性损伤案例205例。对损伤形成特点、现场痕迹、高坠致命伤、文字信息等进行分析。结果 205例中,根据初步现场痕迹、高坠致命伤、文字信息等分析后,明确自杀86例,意外24例,性质不明95例。95例性质不明案例经对局部机械性损伤进行行为心理分析后,认定自杀80例,意外11例,他杀4例。结论高坠难以形成的局部机械性损伤与死亡性质具有关联性,根据局部机械性损伤行为心理分析推断高坠死亡性质基本准确。     

The Chimera of Proportionality: Institutionalising Limits on Punishment in Contemporary Social and Political Systems

The concept of proportionality has been central to the retributive revival in penal theory, and underlies desert theory's normative and practical commitment to limiting punishment. Theories of punishment combining desert‐based and consequentialist considerations also appeal to proportionality as a limiting condition. In this paper we argue that these claims are founded on an exaggerated idea of what proportionality can offer, and in particular fail properly to consider the institutional conditions needed to foster robust limits on the state's power to punish. The idea that appeals to proportionality as an abstract ideal can help to limit punishment is, we argue, a chimera: what has been thought of as proportionality is not a naturally existing relationship, but a product of political and social construction, cultural meaning‐making, and institution‐building. Drawing on evolutionary psychology and comparative political economy, we argue that philosophers and social scientists need to work together to understand how the appeal of the idea of proportionality can best be realised through substantive institutional frameworks under particular conditions.     

TrueAllele® Genotype Identification on DNA Mixtures Containing up to Five Unknown Contributors

Computer methods have been developed for mathematically interpreting mixed and low‐template DNA. The genotype modeling approach computationally separates out the contributors to a mixture, with uncertainty represented through probability. Comparison of inferred genotypes calculates a likelihood ratio (LR), which measures identification information. This study statistically examined the genotype modeling performance of Cybergenetics TrueAllele^® computer system. High‐ and low‐template DNA mixtures of known randomized composition containing 2, 3, 4, and 5 contributors were tested. Sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility were established through LR quantification in each of these eight groups. Covariance analysis found LR behavior to be relatively invariant to DNA amount or contributor number. Analysis of variance found that consistent solutions were produced, once a sufficient number of contributors were considered. This study demonstrates the reliability of TrueAllele interpretation on complex DNA mixtures of representative casework composition. The results can help predict an information outcome for a DNA mixture analysis.     

对25年来中国法理学研究热点问题的思考——立足于1980-2004年的考察

文章总结了中国法理学25年来发展过程中的总体特征。希望能够探寻一种关注社会现实的法理学研究进路。