Integrating societal and psychological rules of entitlement: The basic task of each social actor and fundamental problem for the social sciences

A preliminary statement of a theoretical framework integrating psychological and societal determinants of justice in human affairs is presented. It is proposed that the social structure provides the rules of entitlement and decision making that regulate the course of routine social interaction. These societally based norms are representable in people's conscious thought processes. By contrast, the psychologically generated rules of entitlement, typically contradict conventionally accepted rules of thought and discourse and thus remain unconscious. The major part of the discussion considers the motivationally important circumstances that engage the unconscious psychologically compelling determinants and how their appearance in behavior is both shaped and legitimized by the situationally prevailing normative context. The final section considers some of the more important methodological, theoretical, and social policy implications of this social psychological theory of entitlements.     

Excuses,Excuses: Self-Handicapping in an Australian Adolescent Sample

The purpose of the present study was to examine gender differences in the self-handicapping tendencies of a sample of 337 Australian school attending adolescents, who were aged between 15 and 19 years. Self-handicapping, as measured by the shortened Self-Handicapping Scale, was examined in relation to self-esteem, performance attributions, coping strategies, and the potential behavioral self-handicaps of reduced study hours and inefficient study habits. Girls scored significantly higher on the Self-Handicapping Scale and endorsed using emotional and illness related excuses significantly more often than boys. High self-handicapping scores independently predicted lower study hours for boys, and were associated with less efficient study for girls. Coping and attributional predictors of self-handicapping were found to be rumination, luck attribution, and poor active coping strategies for boys, and ability attributions, behavioral disengagement, instrumental support, and poor active coping strategies for girls.     

认知询问技术原理及其应用

认知询问技术是心理学与侦查实践相结合的产物。认知询问技术建立在有效询问的条件上 ,其心理原理是记忆与沟通 ;拥有一个核心程序 ,强调证人中心角色。其核心程序就是引导记忆提取 ,即侦查人员必须帮助与鼓励证人接近或进入已经储存在长时记忆中的与案件有关的信息。强调证人中心角色是指将证人摆在询问的核心位置。     

行人过街特征分析及自我保护对策

行人是道路交通活动中的弱者,行人事故伤亡约占所有交通事故伤亡人数的20%,而行人过街时的伤亡人数要占其中的50%以上。文章从心理学的角度分析了行人过街的特征,并提出了诸如合理运用过街注意的转移、推广行人过街手势、采用防护设施等观点,以期对行人过街安全有所帮助。     

思想政治工作信息学论纲

思想政治工作信息学的提出是思想政治工作信息化发展的要求。构建思想政治工作信息学既有思想政治工作学的理论支撑,也有信息科学的理论支撑。思想政治工作信息学以独有的、可以界定的思想政治工作信息作为学科研究对象,以关于思想政治工作信息认识、生成、开发、运用、管理以及技术的理论作为自己的学科知识体系。研究思想政治工作信息学必须坚持以唯物主义世界观和方法论为指导,在实现思想政治工作学与信息学的有机结合上下功夫,坚持在思想政治工作的系统环境中研究思想政治工作信息的具体问题。     

The Positive Psychology of Interested Adolescents

Using the experience sampling method (ESM) and a diverse national sample of young people, this study identifies two groups of adolescents: those who experience chronic interest in everyday life experiences and another who experience widespread boredom. These groups are compared against several measures of psychological well-being: global self-esteem, locus of control, and emotions regarding one's future prospects. It is hypothesized that a generalized chronic experience of interest, an innate physiological function, can be used as a signal for a larger measure of psychological health, while chronic boredom is a sign of psychic dysfunction. A strong association between the experience of interest and well-being was found.     

试论公安高校心理学课程体系建设

心理学是公安高校课程体系的组成部分之一,其担负着向学生传授心理学基础知识和提高未来警察心理素质的重任。本文从分析目前国内公安高校心理学课程设置的情况入手,介绍心理学课程改革的新动态,并提出我国公安高校心理学课程改革的最佳模式——课程体系建设。     

诬告陷害罪与伪证罪比较研究

本文通过如何认定诬告陷害罪和伪证罪进而论述了两者之间的界限及相关问题,其旨为引起刑事司法机关在认定处理此类案件时高度重视,稳、准、狠地打击诬告陷害和伪证犯罪行为。     

论加强犯罪研究

加强犯罪研究,应面对现实,承认现实,进行专题性研究。必须系统了解犯罪现状,认识犯罪的特点与规律,研究犯罪原因,才能科学有效地制定预防与控制犯罪的对策。应深化犯罪研究,提高决策的科学性;加强市场管理,强化预防和控制犯罪的功能;加强立法,依法管理;强化政府管理职能,抓好宏观管理;加强宣传教育工作,尤其是对青少年的法制观念和道德教育。加强犯罪研究,还应进行预防犯罪研究;要进一步加强对犯罪趋势的研究,做好犯罪发生的预测工作。     

当前我国财税法研究十大热点问题

随着我国财政体制改革的不断深入和加入WTO后的现实要求,加强我国相关财税法的理论研究日益重要。当前我国财税法学研究的十大热点问题是:《政府采购法》的出台、《预算法》的修改、《国债法》的制定、《转移支付法》的制定、新《税收征管法》及其新《实施细则》、诚信纳税问题、实质课税原则、纳税人权利及其保护、WTO影响下的中国税法和依法治税问题。总结和评论这些热点问题的研究现状和存在问题有助于推动财税法学的研究。