607例不同年份中毒尸检资料对比分析

目的研究不同年份中毒案例的毒物种类、中毒途径、中毒方式等相关问题,为此类案例的法医学鉴定提供参考。方法对华中科技大学同济医学院法医学系（湖北同济法医学司法鉴定中心）1957—2008年鉴定的607例中毒案例尸检资料进行对比分析。结果 1999—2008年218例中毒案例中死者男性居多,30～49岁占50%,中毒以口服方式为主,意外中毒居首位,毒物种类以杀鼠剂、有毒气体、农药类位居前三位。与1983—1998年及1957—1982年的中毒尸检资料对比,不同年份间毒物种类明显变化,近年农药、氰化物中毒减少,杀鼠药、有毒气体及醇类中毒增加,毒品滥用激增。结论农药中毒是长期威胁公众健康的一类毒物,须对此提高防范意识;对联合中毒日益增多的趋势应引起关注。     

清代遗骸Y-STR检验1例

法医学实践中经常遇到对骨骼DNA检验的案例,但对保存超过100年的骨骼样本的检验报道较少。本文成功提取到150年前土埋遗骸的骨骼DNA,采用Y—filer试剂盒在9700型扩增仪上进行扩增,3130XL型遗传分析仪进行检测,得到遗骸Y—STR分型,并与对照样本比对,确认了遗骸身份。     

CHILD CUSTODY EVALUATION PRACTICES: A 20‐YEAR FOLLOW‐UP

This study surveyed 213 experienced child custody evaluators utilizing the same questionnaire in the Ackerman & Ackerman 1997 and Keilin & Bloom 1986 studies. Demographic information, evaluation practices, custody decision‐making, and recommendations were surveyed. Comparisons were made across all three studies to identify the similarities and differences in child custody evaluation practices over the past 20 years. This study added questions about risk management and ethical issues, and current practices in placement/access schedules. The reader is advised that not engaging in the practices performed by a majority of psychologists could result in a difficult testimony experience.     

Differentiating Between Genuine Damage and Falsified Damage to a Garment Following an Alleged Sexual Assault*

Abstract: An allegation of sexual assault was made in which a bra was torn off by the assailant causing extensive damage; however, it was observed that the hook and eye fastening was still intact. It was felt that it was not possible for a garment to receive such damage without damage to the hook and eye fastening, thus indicating that the complainant caused the damage to the bra herself to support a false allegation. Reconstruction experiments were conducted in which the conditions of the allegation were simulated utilizing a range of similar bras. Following the infliction of damage, the hook and eye fastenings were examined. In eight of nine experiments, the hook and eye fastening were intact, despite the application of enough force to cause separation of the bra cups in five of the experiments. This shows that bras may suffer extensive damage without damage to the hook and eye fastening.     

Patterns of Trauma Induced by Motorboat and Ferry Propellers as Illustrated by Three Known Cases from Rhode Island*

Abstract: Understanding patterns of trauma is important to determining cause and manner of death. A thorough evaluation of taphonomy, trauma, and bone fracture mechanisms is necessary to reconstruct the circumstances of the death. This study examines the skeletal trauma caused by boat propeller strikes in terms of wound characteristics and location based on three cases from Rhode Island. These case studies review the traumatic characteristics caused by propeller injuries and highlight the anatomic regions most likely to sustain skeletal trauma. With this information, investigators may be able to identify propeller trauma even in severely decomposed remains. The discussion of boat propeller trauma also raises issues regarding how forensic anthropologists and forensic pathologists classify trauma (specifically blunt force vs. sharp) and highlights semantic issues arising in trauma classification. The study also discusses why these propeller cases should be classified as blunt trauma rather than sharp or chop/hack trauma. Ultimately, the authors urge consistency and communication between pathologist and forensic anthropologists performing trauma analyses.     

三十年来日本满铁研究现状述评

满铁是近代日本设于中国东北最大的殖民统治机构。日本通过满铁攫取中国的政治、经济、社会和文化等情报,控制中国交通,掠夺资源,以此达到对华殖民统治目的。日本战败后,满铁大部分文献资料留存于中国,分散于国内数十家图书馆。这批规模巨大、卷帙浩繁的满铁文献资料,是研究中国东北地方史、近现代中日关系史和东北亚国际关系史极为珍贵的第一手资料。近30年来日本学界对满铁资料及满铁史的研究取得了令人瞩目的成果,但也存在一些问题需要引起我们的重视。     

针极肌电图与神经传导检测的法医学应用

目的探讨针极肌电图与神经传导检测在法医学鉴定中的应用价值,为建立规范、统一的周围神经检测评价方法提供科学依据。方法选取周围神经损伤者164例(损伤组)和正常者138例(对照组),分别应用针极肌电图及神经传导检测两种方法进行检测,对两种方法的检出率进行比较及统计分析。结果损伤组中,应用针极肌电图与神经传导检测的检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组中,两种方法的阴性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。同时应用两种方法在损伤组中的假阴性率和正常组中的假阳性率均为0%。结论在法医学鉴定中对疑有周围神经损伤者,同时应用针极肌电图与神经传导检测有助于提高鉴定结论的准确性。     

“程序公正感受”研究及其启示

从 #" 世纪 ’" 年代开始,西方学者对程序公正的研究从伦理哲学分析转向社会心理学分析,试图揭示程序公正的心理规律。研究发现：程序公正的要素并没有绝对标准,具有一定的情境敏感性;不过,程序公正在促进人们接受法律、法律决定和从事积极行为等方面具有比结果公正更为重要的地位,这种现象甚至具有跨越文化、种族、性别的普遍性。为了对此进行解释,西方学者提出了发言权理论、团体价值理论、人际关系理论和公正启发理论等模式,各自都具有一定的解释力。不过,程序公正也有可能成为社会权威转移真实矛盾“欺骗”社会成员的统治策略。对于转型期的我国,程序公正感受研究带给我们的不是其具体的结论,而是告诉我们,研究公正问题时,应当抛开宏大话语,努力探寻中国人心目中的公正观。     

浅谈高校学风建设的有效途径

学风建设是高等院校教学基本建设中的核心内容之一,学风建设问题已成为全国各类高校普遍关注的问题。良好学风的形成依赖于高质量教风的促进、人性化管理的保证、教学实践活动的引导、良好考试风气的树立等。学风建设是一项长效工程,在各种因素长期作用下,经过不断整改、不断完善、不断深入而形成,在优良学风建设过程中我们要树立长期治理的意识,做到学风建设常抓不懈。     

积极心理学在干警培训工作中的实践性研究

监狱劳教人民警察作为一个特殊的职业群体,集多种社会角色于一身,易产生心理冲突。干警培训工作中贯彻落实监狱劳教人民警察队伍建设在"革命化建设有新的进步;专业化建设有新的提高;正规化建设有新的突破;党风廉政建设有新的进展;保障机制建设有新的举措"的目标,开展积极心理学在干警培训工作中的实践性研究,具有十分重要的理论意义和实践价值。