The Consumer as the Empirical Measure of Trade Mark Law

Although consumer responses to signs and symbols lie at the heart of trade mark law, courts blow hot and cold on the relevance of empirical evidence – such as surveys and experiments – to establish how consumers respond to alleged infringing marks. This ambivalence is related to deeper rifts between trade mark doctrine and the science around consumer decision‐making. This article engages with an approach in ‘Law and Science’ literature: looking at how cognitive psychology and related disciplines conceptualise consumer decision‐making, and how counterintuitive lawyers’ approaches appear from this perspective. It demonstrates how, especially when proving confusion, decision‐makers in trade mark demand the impossible of empiricists and are simultaneously blind to the weaknesses of other sources of proof. A principled divergence, without seeking to collapse the gaps between legal and scientific approaches, but taking certain small steps, could reduce current problems of proof and contribute to better‐informed, more empirically grounded decisions.     

Wellbeing,occupational justice and police practice: an ‘affirming environment’?

This paper examines wellbeing and occupational justice within the police profession. The research presented is based on a preliminary study utilising a qualitative methodology in which 14 in-depth interviews were conducted with rank and file police officers in one state of Australia. The data-set reveals that there are many positive aspects to being a police officer, contrary to the ‘dysfunction’ research that exists concerning the police in which corruption and poor performance prevails. The data analysis supports the notion that the practice of the police can be understood through a framework of wellbeing, occupational justice, and positive psychology. Whilst the research yields strong positive aspects in the work police officers engage in, as well as in their working environment, there are challenges within the profession, namely dealing with traumatic events that can hinder wellbeing and occupational justice. This study offers evidence to reflect on current policies and practices in terms of police recruitment, education and training. The study also offers evidence for improving staff retention by building on the principles of wellbeing and occupational justice within police practice.     

Police students’ perceptions of professional competences: a comparative study of Catalonia and Sweden

This study is part of the European cooperation project, Recruitment, Education, and Career in the Police. The overall aim of this study is to compare how Swedish and Catalan police students perceive different competence dimensions in relation to their future profession, and how the perceptions of these competence dimensions change from the beginning to the end of the training program. The empirical data is based on identical questionnaires that were distributed to police students in Sweden and Catalonia. The results show different patterns in how Catalan and Swedish police students perceive the importance of the different competences at the beginning and at the end of their basic training programs. The implications of this study show that more knowledge is needed about the next step; that is, how the police students use these competencies in their professional work.     

成人高等教育中“工学结合”的常态化管理研究

“工学结合”人才培养模式的出现,促使高等职业教育和高等成人教育必须进行自身的改革,以实现常态化管理。“工学结合”作为一项重大的理念变革,在实践中使教学过程包含了“工程”和“学程”的有机组合,也必然形成对“工程”管理和对“学程”管理的“共同治理”组织系统。要实现成人高等教育中“工学结合”的常态化管理,还需要解决一些现实的问题,并选择好着力点。     

从心理学的历史沿革看心理测试技术理论的演变

心理测试技术作为应用心理学的一门发展中技术,受到整个心理学科发展的影响和制约.从行为主义学派到认知心理学派,这门技术的理论无不被深深打上每个时代的烙印.从准绳问题测试法到犯罪情景测试法,再到认知综合检测法清晰地反映出了心理学发展与心理测试技术理论演变之间的关系.     

高职学生英语自我效能感与学习策略运用情况的相关性研究

本研究采用调查问卷法,对北京市某高职院校372名学生英语自我效能感与其学习策略运用情况进行调查。研究结果发现自我效能与学习策略之间呈显著的正相关关系,表明了学生的自我效能感越强,越能够有效地使用英语学习策略。此外,还对如何提高学生的英语学习自我效能,进而改善英语学习策略的使用提高英语水平提出了合理化建议。     

积极心理学视角的公安民警心理危机干预初探

积极心理学作为一种新的心理学思潮,为公安民警心理危机干预提供了新的思路和方法。积极心理学视角的民警心理危机干预,更为关注民警心理的积极层面,强调通过调动民警自身的内在力量来促进其心理和行为的改变,遵循预防为主、激发潜能、淡化问题、协调作战、安全第一的原则,干预过程注重优化民警的工作生活环境、提高民警的心理保健意识、完善民警的社会支持体系、关注民警积极情感、促进民警的内心和谐、提升民警的主观幸福感。     

浅析低龄职务犯罪的心理及预防

职务犯罪低龄化现象日趋严重,面对这一现象,学者们习惯于从宏观视角分析其原因及预防措施,而对低龄职务犯罪心理甚少关注。文章在对低龄职务犯罪的概念、特点、危害进行分析后,更加深入地探讨了低龄职务犯罪的几种典型心理,并进一步将整个低龄职务犯罪心理的形成过程动态化,从而尝试性地提出了关于低龄职务犯罪心理预防的几点建议。     

海峡两岸危险驾驶罪比较研究

我国台湾地区于1999年将不能安全驾驶罪纳入"刑法",大陆在2011年2月出台《刑法修正案(八)》规定了危险驾驶罪。二者在理论基础、刑罚目的、法条设计、实施情况等方面有相似之处,也有不同之处。比较不能安全驾驶罪与危险驾驶罪的立法与司法实践之异同,有利于预测大陆危险驾驶罪的未来发展趋向。     

“照顾责任女性化”及其理论探讨

照顾责任具有鲜明的性别效应,无论照顾对象是儿童、老年人抑或残疾人,照顾责任几乎都由女性承担。本文考察了照顾责任女性化在不同照顾领域的表现,剖析了依附理论、关怀伦理理论以及性别角色理论对其进行的诠释和建构,最后检视照顾责任女性化的理论阐释系统,对照顾责任的性别效应进行批判性反思。