经济转轨后的波兰经济

20世纪,波兰进行了政治和经济上的一系列变革,包括私有化、劳动力市场、对外贸易、外国直接投资等四方面,这种转轨总体方向是市场化,民主化,融入世界经济,加入欧盟。波兰的经济转轨过程相对于其他东欧国家是比较成功的,但失业率过高和对外贸易赤字过大等问题仍是波兰经济发展的主要矛盾。     

推动资源枯竭型城市转型 深入推进可持续发展战略

该文指出,面对新的历史发展机遇和挑战,中国应当进一步明确发展思路和发展重点,努力在经济结构调整、发展方式转变上探索出一条新路,为资源枯竭型城市谋求新一轮发展,推进中国可持续发展。     

State transformation and cross-border regionalism in Indonesia’s periphery: contesting the centre

Abstract

This article examines how the decentralisation and fragmentation of the Indonesian state and resultant central–local dynamics affect cross-border regionalism in Indonesia’s periphery. It argues that cross-border regionalism projects are best understood as sites for scalar contestation over regulatory control between central and local government. Moreover, scalar contestation around cross-border regional projects is characterised by the struggles to control relationships with transnational capital between elites operating at different tiers of the state. When elites at different scales have conflicting interests and strategies, this can cause policy incoherence, inhibiting the development of cross-border regionalism. Conversely, when they align, and intersect with the interests of transnational business, cross-border regionalism can succeed. To illustrate the argument, this article utilises the comparative case studies of the Batam free trade zone and West Kalimantan–Sarawak cross-border cooperation.     

公共服务供给机制转型中的公益性岗位研究

我国自2002年起开始施行公益性岗位的政策,这一政策对拓宽就业渠道、缓解失业压力起到了一定的作用。但目前依靠政府进一步开发和购买公益性岗位的难度很大。本文对国内外公共服务供给机制转型进行了比较分析,在此基础上提出以下建议:我国应进一步完善公共服务的供给机制,以社区为平台,通过推动购买服务的方式,调动社会组织服务社区和吸收就业的功能,以推动公益性岗位的增加。     

Understanding rural resistance: contemporary mobilization in the Brazilian countryside

Contradictions between impressive levels of economic growth and the persistence of poverty and inequality are perhaps nowhere more evident than in rural Brazil. While Brazil might appear to be an example of the potential harmony between large-scale, export-oriented agribusiness and small-scale family farming, high levels of rural resistance contradict this vision. In this introductory paper, we synthesize the literature on agrarian resistance in Brazil and situate recent struggles in Brazil within the Latin American context more broadly. We highlight seven key characteristics of contemporary Latin American resistance, which include: the growth of international networks, the changing structure of state–society collaboration, the deepening of territorial claims, the importance of autonomy, the development of alternative economies, continued opposition to dispossession, and struggles over the meaning of nature. We argue that by analyzing rural mobilization in Brazil, this collection offers a range of insights relevant to rural contention globally. Each contribution in this collection increases our understanding of alternative agricultural production, large-scale development projects, education, race and political parties in the contemporary agrarian context.     

Wild property and its boundaries – on wildlife policy and rural consequences in South Africa

Against the backdrop of post-Apartheid neoliberal reform, South African landowners have gained the option to acquire full ownership over wild animals on their land. Corresponding with this, approximately one sixth of South Africa's total land has been ‘game-fenced’ and converted for wildlife-based production (i.e. hunting, ecotourism, live trade and venison production). This article analyzes the institutional process in which authority concerning access to wildlife is being restructured, and argues that the unfolding property regime leads to an intensified form of green grabbing. To demonstrate this, the article singles out three particular wildlife policy institutions which make clear (a) how private property rights to wildlife are negotiated and implemented, (b) how wildlife ownership is firmly interlocked with land ownership, (c) how natural entities are being converted to robust political and economical assets, and (d) what social consequences this has for rural South Africa.     

为何重新解读遗弃罪犯罪构成之实证研究——以转型时期我国社会的发展为视角

我国遗弃罪在新、旧刑法典中的位置相异,这导致刑法理论中关于犯罪构成的解读引起了争论。提倡重新解读的学者们只是基于现有立法现状探讨如何重新解读,而没有探讨其原因。刑事立法、修改、法律解释以及刑法结构的调整必须与经济、社会的发展相适应。在我国转型时期,经济、社会的发展状况是重新解读遗弃罪犯罪构成之原因。     

发展中的冲突与冲突中的发展——论转型时期中国社会意识结构的变化

改革开放以来,伴随着中国在政治和经济上的历史转型,社会意识结构也发生着相应的乃至更为复杂的变化：社会主导意识从“纯而又纯”向“常识”回归,反映着当今的时代精神;社会大众意识在主体性得到增强的同时,出现了多元化趋势。在此情况下,要力求社会和谐发展,主导意识应该、必须且有可能发挥出自己的协调性、导向性作用。     

清代民族边缘地区宗族组织的形成与乡村社会转型——以鄂西南土家族为中心的考察

以鄂西南土家族社区为例考察民族边缘地区的宗族组织,清代中后期,宗族组织在土著大族的基础上正式形成,并呈现出与汉族社会趋同的特征,在乡村社会中发挥着基层控制的作用,体现了民族边缘地区乡村社会转型的进程。     

Conflicts of customary land tenure in rural Africa: is large-scale land acquisition a driver of ‘institutional innovation’?

This study combines legal and anthropological approaches to investigate how the establishment of a large-scale biofuel agro-industry is reinterpreting and potentially transforming customary institutional arrangements in rural Sierra Leone. The contractual relationships established between land acquirers and local authorities can be seen as an ‘institutional innovation’ that aims at interpreting and overcoming the limits of the national land regime. However, by formalizing customary land tenure structures through land registration, such innovations are exacerbating pre-existing social inequalities. We identified four categories of resulting conflicts: interlineage, intervillage, interfamily and intergenerational conflicts. Taken together, these conflicts question the current land-based sociopolitical structures of rural Sierra Leone and could be drivers of societal change.