我国农地承包经营权流转体系研究

2009年2月“中央一号文件”提出健全农地承包经营权流转市场,这使稳定农地承包关系,发展规模化经营,成为一个重大而紧迫的课题。从农地承包经营流转权的前提、主体、形式、融资和保障措施方面,提出进行农地的确权、尊重农户的土地流转主体地位、创新农地流转形式、完善农村社保机制、盘活农地融资方式等措施,从而促进农地集约化发展,建立现代农业。     

当代法国农业资本主义发展的主要途径和特征

二战结束后,法国通过土地集中和增加资本投入等途径,加速推进农业机械化、专业化、区域化、产业化、合作化、社会化、农民职业化的步伐,在家族化和公司化农业经营的基础上,既保持欧洲大陆地区农业生产的传统特点,又顺应当今世界农业国际化一体化发展的新趋势,走出了一条独具特色的农业现代化道路。     

The EROI of agriculture and its use by the Via Campesina

Via Campesina supports peasant and small farmer agriculture both in the South and in the North. Its basic doctrine is that of ‘food sovereignty’. It is a movement that defends an ‘ecological neo-Narodnism’. Among the analytical tools used by this international peasant movement is the comparison between the energy efficiency of traditional small farm agriculture and modern industrial agriculture. This article briefly recalls the history of agricultural energetics, and then looks at the use of the concept of EROI (energy return on energy input) by Via Campesina when it claims that ‘industrial agriculture is no longer a producer of energy but a consumer of energy’, and that ‘peasant agriculture cools down the Earth’. The absence in Marxism of a tradition of analysis of energy flows is also reviewed here, since it is of interest in order to bring together the classic economic concept of decreasing returns with the more recent notion of a declining EROI. The article also draws on work analysing how environmental activists use concepts from ecological economics, while at the same time ‘activist knowledge’ contributes to ecological economics in a two-way communication between activism and science.     

Troubling notions of farmer choice: hybrid Bt cotton seed production in western India

The debate over agricultural biotechnology is increasingly being centered on the question of farmer choice. Advocates for biotechnology argue that farmers should be able to choose the seeds and technologies they use, and therefore these new technologies should be legalized and made available immediately. Who would deny farmers of the global South their right to choose? But these discourses of choice and freedom are being deployed to market a particular kind of development. This neoliberal development of agriculture is leading to the individualization of risk, the shifting of risk to marginalized contract farming households, and greater control for wealthier farmers, seed companies and agents. The state of Gujarat, India, is seen as a success story of hybrid Bt cotton, in which farmers have their choice of hundreds of varieties of seeds. As cotton seed production is taking off in the neighboring state of Rajasthan, however, choosing Bt cotton has different implications and meanings altogether. Drawing on eight months of qualitative research with adivasi households in Dungarpur District, Rajasthan, I offer narrative accounts from farmers and seed agents that both explore and trouble neoliberal notions of farmer choice. The use of these discourses by biotech advocates is just one example of the ways that choice and freedom are being utilized to further neoliberal development.     

云南省发展农业产业化浅论

农业产业化是市场经济条件下发展农村经济的一种全新的生产经营模式。云南省现有农业产业化水平不高 ,受制于多种因素。推进云南农业的产业化必须采取切实有效的措施     

Why the Philippines Chooses to Import Rice

Embedded in the debate in the Philippines over food security and food sovereignty are three conventional reasons why the country is a longstanding rice importer: geography, exploitative international policy pressure predicated on the dictates of neoliberalism, and colonial history. This paper argues that these conventional reasons share two limitations. First, they attribute mono-causal reasons for perennial rice imports, either in the form of geography, exogenous power, or history. While these perspectives are not wrong, each on its own is inadequate. Multiple, contributing factors have and will continue to abound. Second, each of these arguments limits Filipinos' agency. Through a four-part argument, I show how Filipinos have had more say in the reasons for serial rice imports than these conventional accounts allow.     

深圳都市农业发展的思路、模式与保障

"十五"期间深圳都市农业发展状况良好。"十一五"期间,深圳应发展园区型都市农业模式。都市农业要具备农产品安全保障、农业高新技术示范、外向型、观光休闲教育、城市生态屏障五大功能。应采取加强立法、增加投入、保护农业环境和资源、大力扶持培育发展农业"龙头"企业、加快农业对外开放等措施,保障深圳都市农业的发展。     

政府应加强对农业产业化经营的政策支持

随着我国加入WTO,我国农业产业化面临严峻挑战。要加快农业产业化进程,政府应加大政策支持力度,利用财政、金融手段培育和发展龙头企业,为加快农业科技创新体系建设、加强农产品基地建设,创造良好的发展环境。     

农业合作化运动与国家工业化的战略决策

农业合作化运动因其规模巨大、影响广泛、过程的跌宕起伏以及对中国农村经济和社会各方面后续影响的深远而使今人对其众说纷纭,莫衷一是。文章从农业合作化运动与国家工业化战略决策关系的角度论述了中国共产党之所以在上个世纪五六十年代选择了农业合作化的道路,与当时传统的社会主义理论指导和实现国家工业化的战略决策有着密不可分的关系。     

国外农业补贴立法对中国的启示

发达国家通过建立系统的农业补贴立法体系保护本国农业和农民利益,其补贴方式呈法制化、刚性化、多样化,补贴渠道逐渐向直接补贴过渡。借鉴外国农业补贴立法经验,为发展我国农业经济,应建立我国农业法律救济体系,完善农业补贴的预算编制、审批制度,加速农村金融立法,完善农业保险法律制度。