对农业产业化制度创新问题的思考

农业产业化作为增加农民收入的有效形式 ,一直受到广泛关注。本文认为 ,农业产业化的根本问题是制度创新问题 ;积极实现创新重点由微观领域向宏观领域的转变 ,是推进农业产业化的当务之急。     

邓小平农业发展思想探析

改革开放后 ,邓小平把马克思主义基本原理同中国农业实际相结合 ,全方位地对农业问题进行了理论思考 ,并在实践中摸索、总结和形成了一套农业发展思想 ,其内容主要包括农业发展的战略目标、战略地位、发展起点、发展动力、发展方向、工农业关系、产业结构及价值取向等     

试论惠农政策的执行力

提高惠农政策的执行力是贯彻落实科学发展观的需要,然而在惠农政策的落实过程中,却存在执行不力,投入资金总量不足,地方配套资金＂缺位＂等诸多问题,严重影响惠农政策的效果。为此,应加强政府自身建设,提高惠农政策的有效性,建立决策科学、执行有力的惠农政策实施机制,以增强政府的执行力,提高惠农政策的有效性。     

论日本农业女性的家庭经济地位

日本农业经营以家庭经营为基本单位。这种经营模式的一大特点就是统一核算所有收入。这种计算方式下无法确定个人对收入的贡献，也没有明确的收入分配制度，由此产生了女性劳动得不到评价的问题。在概观日本家庭农业经营特点的基础上，分析女性对日本农业的贡献，从家庭经济地位的角度阐明日本农业女性实际所处的状况和面临的问题。     

“后税费时代”农村公共物品难题的法经济学和法社会学分析——以大型农用水利设施为个案

税费改革和产权改革后的农村公共物品在运营上陷入困局，其根源在于改革在方向与规范、技术之间的脱节。这种脱节既反映在公共物品本身的运营系统内，还体现在更为复杂和深刻的制度背景之中。以“大制度理论”为背景，基于法经济学和法社会学的视角，大型农州水利设施的运营难题集中反映了当前家庭联产承包责任制的弊端和局限，凸显了当前农村自治在乡村组织动员能力建设和公共事务决策权分配这两个重大环节上的疏漏．并显示出当代农村改革在制度变迁上存在的缺陷和弊端。解决大型农用水利设施难题的具体方案应当遵循序列化、层次化的原则，有步骤、有重点地逐步推进。首先应建立中央和省级政府对大型农村水利设施的外贴制度，通过各级转移支付集中解决大型农用水利设施的历史负债，消化其巨大的沉淀成本，并在全体村民享有最终决策权的基础上，完善水利设施的产权改革，以及完善水费征收制度。其次应加强乡村直接民主制度、土地经营制度、乡村金融制度等宏观制度的建设和完善，并推动农村改革在制度变迁上走向科学与合理。     

我国涉农企业知识产权战略研究——以提升涉农企业核心竞争力为起点

伴随着经济高度全球化、知识化，知识产权保护显得尤为重要。我国虽然是一个农业大国，但在涉农企业的知识产权保护方面依然很薄弱。在提升涉农企业核心竞争力的研究起点下，解读我国涉农企业知识产权保护中存在的问题，从培育保护意识、培养专业人才及我国涉农企业知识产权保护基本内容等方面探索相应对策，以期为我国涉农企业知识产权战略的建立提供一定借鉴。     

订单农业:从传统农业向现代农业转变的必然选择

订单农业是农户与客户通过签订农产品购销合同来组织农业生产的新型农业生产经营模式,是发展我国现代农业和农村经济的必然选择。订单农业的实施,对提高我国农业的市场化程度,增加农民收入,调整和优化农业结构,推动农业现代化将产生重要而深远的影响。     

Green economy,Scandinavian investments and agricultural modernization in Tanzania

‘Green economy’ is a broad concept open to different interpretations, definitions and practices ranging from the greening of current neoliberal economies to radical transformations of these economies. In Africa, one emerging and powerful idea in the implementation of the green economy seems to be to use a green agenda to further strengthen development as modernization through capital-intensive land investments. This has again reinvigorated old debates about large-scale versus smallholder agriculture. Influential actors justify large-scale ‘green’ investments by the urgency for economic development as well as to offset carbon emissions and other environmental impacts. In this contribution, we discuss the case of the Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT) to give examples of how the green economy may materialize in Africa. SAGCOT is presented by the Tanzanian government as well as investors and donors as a leading African example of an ‘investment blueprint’ and as a laboratory to test green growth combining profitable farming with the safeguard of ecosystem services. In particular, we discuss three Scandinavian investments within SAGCOT, their social implications and their discursive representations through the public debates that these investments have generated in Scandinavia.     

Weapons of the week,weakness of the weapons: Shifts and stasis in development theory

Over the past half century the theory, practice and politics informing development studies have followed contrasting trajectories, a tangled epistemological pattern displayed inadvertently by some of the contributions to three of the four books reviewed here. This inconsistency has resulted in confusion, not least where current Marxist approaches to the agrarian question are concerned. Unsurprisingly, therefore, misinterpretations of unfree labour plus the jettisoning of class analysis have led to the abandonment of socialism, and its replacement with nationalism and bourgeois democracy as desirable political objectives. By locating rural class formation and agrarian struggle in a global capitalist context, however, one of the four books demonstrates the continuing importance of socialist politics to the study of development.     

The marketing of corporate agrichemicals in Western India: theorizing graded informality

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the young men from agrarian backgrounds who work as field marketing agents for companies like Monsanto in western Maharashtra, India. They promote pesticides, herbicides and other agrichemicals to farmers who often belong to higher castes. My ethnography suggests that the promotion of agrichemicals deploys the idiom of agricultural extension, upsetting India's tenacious social hierarchies on the one hand, and driving corporate profits and indebtedness among farmers on the other. With respect to the subordination of agriculture to industrial capital, I contend that farmers and marketing agents can neither be arrayed against one another, nor is their relation to industrial capital alike. Agrichemicals marketing troubles dichotomous frameworks, such as farmers against industrial capital. Ultimately, I call for re-conceiving political economy in terms of graded informality, where opportunities and constraints for accumulation map onto a gradient, rather than fall on opposite ends of a binary.