论农民专业合作社的盈余分配制度——兼评我国《农民专业合作社法》相关规定

农民专业合作社作为一类特殊的商事主体，在盈余分配制度上存在着不同于普通营利性企业的特点。合作社盈余在性质上属于向社员“多收”或“少付”的款项，需遵循合理的分配顺序。同时，可分配盈余需遵循这样的分配原则：依据社员与合作社交易额（量）进行分配和资本报酬有限。合作社从盈余中提取的公共积累能否分割是合作社盈余分配制度中又一个重要内容。公共积累应否分割应分层考虑、区别对待。在合作社存续期间社员资格终止时以及合作社终止时，公共积累应否分割宜采取不同的做法。总之，我国《农民专业合作社法》的相关规定需要进一步完善。     

国际海上货物运输中的权利转让问题研究——以UNCITRAL《运输法公约(草案)》为视角

联合国贸易法委员会正在审议的《运输法公约(草案)》中专章规定了权利转让问题,本文通过对相关规定的解析明确权利转让的涵义、内容以及效力,并结合我国相关立法现状针对《海商法》的修改提出一些立法建议。     

中国东部蒙古族人群15个STR基因座多态性研究

目的调查15个STR基因座在中国东部蒙古族人群中的基因频率分布。方法应用四色荧光标记引物复合扩增技术,对105名东部蒙古族无关个的血样15个STR基因座进行多态性研究。结果在东部蒙古族人群中15个STR基因座偶合率在0.0084～0.2169之间,个体识别概率(DP)在0.7831～0.9916之间,杂合度在0.5619～0.9231之间,三联非父排除率(PE)在0.4490～0.8444之间,多态性信息总量(PIC)在0.5438～0.9178之间,15个STR基因座总TDP值为0.9999999999998,所有基因座经χ2检验符合Hard-Weinberg平衡。结论上述15个STR基因座在东部蒙古族人群中等位基因分布较好,个体识别率高,适合法医个体识别和亲子鉴定。     

Analysis of AmpFlSTR MiniFiler™ loci and its forensic application

The allele frequencies of eight MiniFiler™ loci have been analyzed in 101 Japanese individuals living in Kanagawa with informed consent by means of ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer. A total of 7 alleles for D13S317, 8 alleles for D7S820, 11 alleles for D2S1338, 11 alleles for D21S11, 5 alleles for D16S539, 14 alleles for D18S51, 8 alleles for CSF1PO, and 13 alleles for FGA were observed. The polymorphic profiles of these MiniFiler™ loci in the present study were essentially the same as those obtained by using the AmpFlSTR^® Identifiler^® PCR Amplification kit. The combined matching probability of eight MiniFiler™ loci and cumulative probability of paternity exclusion were estimated as 1.97 × 10⁻¹⁰ and 0.9996, respectively. The MiniFiler™ kit was useful for individual identification in forensic analysis.     

How does initial public financing influence private incentives for follow-on investment in early-stage technologies?

One common rationale supporting public financing programs for small firms is that initial public investment creates incentives for follow-on private investment. However, there does not appear to be a unified statement in the literature describing how initial public investment creates incentives for follow-on private investment. Focusing on external private investors, we use a two-stage net present value model to identify four effects from initial public investment on the private decision for follow-on investment. Our empirical analysis uses a sample of non-venture backed firms entering the SBIR program to examine how reduced risk, the number of SBIR awards, and size of initial public investment influence the likelihood of follow-on venture capital investment. We find the probability of follow-on venture capital investment is more likely when firms reach Phase II of the program, is less likely as firms win multiple Phase I and Phase II awards, and is more likely as the size of initial public investment in Phase I increases.

Factors fostering academics to start up new ventures: an assessment of Italian founders’ incentives

Why do university researchers decide to start-up a new venture? How can we distinguish between the different factors influencing such an important decision? To what extent are specific policies activated within universities relevant in the process of new venture creation? In this paper we try to answer these very significant questions, through an empirical analysis performed on a sample of 88 Italian academics involved in the creation of 47 spin-offs between 1999 and 2005. Our findings show that the availability of technologies with a potential for commercial exploitation, the possibility to access university infrastructures and the personal benefits are the most important incentives for academics. More generally, academics’ involvement in creating new ventures is not driven by an entrepreneurial attitude, but rather by the expectation of generating results which will enhance their academic position. Additional investments and efforts made by some universities to create more mechanisms to support spin-offs are not perceived as additional incentives. These results hold after controlling for academic founders’ institutional affiliation, status, and the companies’ growth over their first two years of existence. Implications for public policy and organizational processes are discussed.     

当代中国人口迁移的裂变

迁移行为是人口最基本的行为之一,是引起社会结构与功能变化的主要因素,人口迁移的裂变是其发挥功能的主要手段。现代化是社会发展的必然趋势,亦是这种裂变的必然成果。和平与发展是当代世界的主旋律,为我国人口迁移与裂变提供了良好环境。人口迁移的裂变在经过历史的积淀后,必将爆发,释放出推动社会飞跃的巨大能量,为实现现代化铺奠基石。     

略论流动人口社会治安综合治理

在市场经济条件下,流动人口的管理无疑是一项艰巨复杂的社会系统工程.如何适应市场经济发展的要求,建立健全流动人口社会治安综合治理机制,加强对策性研究,仍然是当前流动人口管理的重点问题.流动人口的管理涉及到诸多部门和行业,应该建立一个统一的具有权威性的综合治理机制.