LIFESTYLE,RATIONAL CHOICE,AND ADOLESCENT FEAR: A TEST OF A RISK‐ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK*

Criminological research on fear of crime primarily has been based on, and supportive of, an opportunity framework. The current research tests an expanded risk‐assessment model of fear, which is rooted in an opportunity framework, by incorporating a measure of delinquent lifestyle, which is a known risk factor for victimization, using a sample of youth aged 10–16 years. The findings from longitudinal structural equation models do not support the applicability of a risk‐assessment model of fear in adolescence. Namely, although increased involvement in a delinquent lifestyle is associated strongly with an increase in victimization over time, no such association exists with the perceived risk of victimization. Most importantly, as adolescents become more involved in a delinquent lifestyle and are victimized at a higher rate than nondelinquent youth, their fear of victimization actually decreases at a significantly higher rate than more prosocial youth.     

我国恐怖活动发展趋势分析

当前,随着国际、国内形势的发展,我国遭受恐怖活动袭击的可能性在逐渐增大。为加强对恐怖活动的防范与打击,有必要结合国内外恐怖活动的现状,对我国恐怖活动的发展趋势进行全方位的分析。     

档案资料在山西抗日根据地研究中的应用——以山西大学历史文化学院的硕士论文为例

档案资料是历史研究最基础的材料之一,这些珍贵的历史档案资料无论在广度上还是在深度上都以其真实、直观、具体的态势为后人进行多角度的历史研究留下了巨大的空间。文章从山西大学中国近现代史专业硕士研究生利用档案资料开展山西抗日根据地研究为切入点,分析了档案资料在山西抗日根据地基层政权、土地问题、文化教育等研究中发挥的作用。     

Intensity and Breadth of Participation in Organized Activities During the Adolescent Years: Multiple Associations with Youth Outcomes

The goal of this study was to examine initial levels and rates of change in the intensity and breadth of participation in organized activities during the adolescent years, and how these participation practices were related to youth outcomes in later adolescence. The main objectives were (a) to examine growth curves of intensity and breadth of participation from Grades 7 through 11 and their interrelations, and (b) to test the associations between these dimensions of participation and academic orientation, risky behaviors, internalizing problems, and civic development in Grade 11. A homogenous sample of 299 youth (mean age = 13.37, SD = .41; 62% girls) were surveyed annually using questionnaires and phone interviews. The main results revealed that (a) even though both intensity and breadth of participation decreased over time, intensity of participation showed steeper declines by later grades, and (b) initial levels of participation were better predictors of later outcomes than rates of change over time. Regardless of the levels of change taking place over time, results revealed that youth with high initial levels of participation (both intensity and breadth) were more committed to school and developed more positive values towards society by Grade 11 than those who participated less. This might suggest that a high level of participation during early-to-mid-adolescence is particularly important when it comes to later outcomes.     

中国青年志愿服务发展的演进脉络

上世纪50年代的青年志愿垦荒活动是中国青年志愿服务的雏形;上世纪60年代兴起的学雷锋活动是计划经济时代青年志愿服务存在的最基本方式,青年志愿服务活动在彰显雷锋精神的情况下缓慢发展;上世纪90年代初期,中国青年志愿旗号的打出,青年志愿服务的广泛开展,标志着现代青年志愿服务的真正兴起;北京奥运会为中国志愿服务的发展提供了一个难得的历史机遇,中国青年志愿服务借助这一盛事获得进一步的发展。     

Lifestyle and Routine Activity Theories Revisited: The Importance of “Risk” to the Study of Victimization

Lifestyle and routine activity theories both view victimization through the lens of the convergence of a motivated offender, an attractive target/victim, and the absence of capable guardianship. These theories differ, however, in how they view the behaviors that put people at “risk” for victimization. Where lifestyle theory conceives of risk in probabilistic terms (e.g., certain behaviors elevate one’s odds of being victimized), routine activity theory simply describes the victimization event itself (e.g., if the three key elements converge, victimization happens, yet if one of the elements is missing, victimization is avoided). We argue that this difference is meaningful and that its disappearance over time has been consequential to the study of victimization. Our purpose here is to outline the implications of this difference in the conception of risk for victimization theory, research, and policy. Our broader goal is to reignite a theoretical debate that we feel is long overdue.     

略论瞿秋白的新闻传播思想

瞿秋白是中国共产党早期的主要领导人之一,同时也是一位卓越的新闻工作者.自1919年至1934年,先后创办、主编、编辑过一系列进步的党的报刊.,为党的新闻事业做出了巨大的贡献.本文试图对瞿秋白的新闻活动进行梳理,并从中总结出他的部分传播思想.     

Juvenile Crime Trends in Post-War Europe

In the literature, two models - routine activity and social control - are most often used in attempts to account for a continuous upward trend in the number of juvenile offenders during the post-war period. In Sweden, contrary to what we might expect given these models, the number of juvenile offenders has been stable, and may even have decreased, over the last 25 years. This article will present an analysis of juvenile crime trends in West European countries during the post-war period (1950-1995). A sensible way to begin a comparative study is to take advantage of the analyses already carried out by researchers in the relevant countries. Besides the official crime statistics this study also uses alternative statistics, that is, self-report studies and victim surveys. An obvious advantage with these surveys is that they are independent of the relevant country's judicial system and official statistics. The availability of data played an important part in the choice of countries to be included. In addition, contacts were established with researchers and research centres in most countries covered by the study.     

建国以来抗战胜利纪念活动的历史考察

在抗战胜利纪念日前后举行各种形式纪念活动,是建国以来全国乃至各地的传统,有着独特的价值。建国以来抗战胜利纪念日经历了从"八一五"到"九三",从行政法规到国家立法的双重变化。抗战胜利纪念活动,包括全国性和地方性活动,经历了从新中国成立初期的高潮到20世纪50年代中后期开始的回落,再到改革开放后多样化、常态化、规范化的过程。抗战胜利纪念活动以对抗战精神的弘扬,发挥着强化历史教育、彰显国家意志、服务外交战略的功能。     

叶圣陶审美视野的拓展

西方文学的东渐，拓宽了东方民族的审美视野。西方近现代文学高扬人文精神，淡化情节、渲染情绪和富于诗趣的描写，“促醒”了青年叶圣陶“对于文学的觉悟”。这种“真气扑鼻”的写当下感觉和情绪体验的文学作品，使读者如历其境、如闻其声，如见其人。它们“唤起”并不断地增强了青年叶圣陶的审美“感受”能力和审美的“创作”能力，那高扬的人文精神更启迪了青年叶圣陶沿着“为人生”的创作大道稳步前进