关于民族经济学学科体系建构的宏观思考

民族经济学经过20余年的发展虽已成果斐然,但学科地位尚不稳定,究其原因有学科体系建设不完善、研究方法不规范、研究视野宽窄不一等多种因素。要使该学科根深叶盛,还需从宏观、微观及学科的生存基点上再认识,注意与现实结合,努力为现实服务。     

警察技能教学法初探

警察技能教学法是公安院校和公安机关专门研究培养警察技能所需的内容、方法、要求及组织训练的形式和教学过程。在教学中,教师应认真学习和掌握教学原则,特点、步骤和规律,灵活运用教学方法,提高警察技能训练质量。     

回归政府定位：构建服务型政府

构建服务型政府是时代发展的必然要求。建设服务型政府,必须转变政府管理理念,创新政务模式,转变政府职能,提高政府的公共服务效率,并坚持人民群众是建设和谐社会的主体、“非禁即入”和依法行政三大理念。     

Security Versus Liberty in the Context of Counterterrorism: An Experimental Approach

A critical question in counterterrorism studies concerns the extent to which governments adequately balance the continual provision of individual rights and freedoms with the appropriate level of national security when faced with a terrorist attack. We experimentally assess this tradeoff utilizing a 2 × 2 × 2 between-groups factorial design, manipulating (a) the extent of terror-related threats, (b) the level of invasiveness of subsequent counterterrorism policies, as well as (c) the terror context: transnational and domestic. The results provide evidence that the public is more willing to accept greater reductions in civil liberties under a greater threat of terrorism only when the perceived effectiveness of those policies to prevent future acts of terrorism is high. Furthermore, we find these results to be specific to the context of a transnational terror threat. This suggests that the public will be unwilling to accept reductions in civil liberties when the source of the attack is domestic, regardless of the level of threat or how effective subsequent policies may be in preventing future attacks.     

The making of a diplomat: the case of the French Diplomatic and Consular Institute as an identity workspace

ABSTRACT

This article analyses the creation of the Diplomatic and Consular Institute by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and conceptualises this new professional school of diplomacy as an “identity workspace” following the analysis of a cohort’s learning experience. This article aims to spark a debate from a practice perspective on diplomatic training as offered by Ministries of Foreign Affairs in Europe.     

"预防—震慑—应急"一体化:中国海外安保供给模式新探

基于以人民安全为宗旨的总体国家安全观和“以人为本、外交为民”的领事保护理念,受冲突影响和高风险区域的海外机构、企业和公民的安全是中国海外安保供给体系的首要关切。后疫情时代的安全环境、安全威胁和安保内容的新变化凸显了海外安保的供需落差,如何通过完善海外安保供给体系来应对后疫情时代的挑战,成为总体国家安全治理不得不重视的紧迫性议题。根据风险/焦虑-威胁/恐惧-危机/恐慌的升级过程,可将海外安保区分为预防、震慑、应急三种类型,政府、军队、国际安保公司、社会组织和海外企业能够发挥各自不同的作用。在明晰中国海外安保“阶段-类型”及对应的多元供给主体职能的基础上,中国海外安保供给体系的完善需要在总体国家安全观理念指导下,遵循“预防-震慑-应急”一体化的供给模式,建构多元供给主体联动体系,从而弥补现有供给体系的不足,全面推进“海外中国平安体系”建设。     

Software patents in the United States: A balanced approach

This paper tracks the interesting journey of software patents in the United States from both a historic and current standpoint. The U.S patent system has drifted from being strict in the 1970s to being fairly lenient in 1990s and now again strict since 2007. The revolutionizing and famous Bilski case that is redefining the boundaries of software patents is described, and the impact of this Court case on software patents is discussed. The challenges in issuing software patents in terms of proving novelty and non-obviousness are presented in an attempt to bring forward some of the questions in the software patent debate. The uniqueness of software as an invention is analyzed to understand why software should be considered differently compared to other industries. The advantages and disadvantages of software patents are discussed. The paper concludes by providing recommendations and proposing a balanced approach to software patents.     

略论监狱亚文化——从考察罪犯群体的角度

在目前的刑罚执行过程中.监狱亚文化对行刑工作产生了一定的负面影响,监狱亚文化有其产生的原因、特有的表现形式及特点.遏制、消解监狱亚文化从监狱管理体制、行刑机制、文化建设等方面进行改革,方能有效.     

论我国非犯罪化的司法路径

当前,我国犯罪一直呈上升态势,导致刑事司法工作压力巨大,研究非犯罪化的实现路径对我国刑事司法实践具有重要的现实意义。从广义上理解,非犯罪化包括立法上的非犯罪化和司法上的非犯罪化。我国转型时期的社会现实和刑法立法模式决定了司法上的非犯罪化是我国当前非犯罪化的主要路径。司法上的非犯罪化可从三个层面展开,它包括侦查阶段的非犯罪化、起诉阶段的非犯罪化和审判阶段的非犯罪化,每个阶段的非犯罪化其具体实现方式存在差异。     

Human–elephant interaction: Community perspectives on conflict mitigation and conservation mechanisms

The instances of human–elephant conflict (HEC) are becoming pervasive in elephant range areas across the globe. One of the primary reasons is the exclusion and under-representation of local communities in the planning and implementation of mitigation strategies. However, engaging with local communities and considering their viewpoints are vital for the success of conflict mitigation and conservation efforts. This qualitative study was undertaken to gain a reasonably comprehensive understanding of the local community's perspectives concerning elephants in the Balasore district of Odisha, a state along the Eastern coast of India. Qualitative data obtained primarily through focus group discussions were analyzed using MAXQDA 2020 to perform thematic analysis of participants' narratives. Six common themes emerged from the study: exposure and experiences with elephants, the efficacy of deterrents, compassionate payment provisions, reasons for tolerance, and expectations. Attempts were made to understand the community viewpoints and offer implementable recommendations to improve human–elephant interactions by adopting more inclusive and participatory conservation practices.