POLICE CULTURE AND COERCION*

Researchers have long noted the link between police culture and coercion. To date, however, there have been no empirical studies of this relationship. Using data collected as part of a systematic social observation study of the police in Indianapolis, Indiana, and St. Petersburg, Florida, this research examines the relationship between traditional views of police culture—from an attitudinal perspective‐and coercion—from a behavioral perspective. After developing a classification scheme of officers' outlooks in the context of police culture, we examine the extent to which officers' alignment with cultural attitudes translates into differences in coercive behavior. The findings indicate that those officers who closely embody the values of the police culture are more coercive compared with those that differentially align with the culture, suggesting that police use of force is a function of officers' varying attitudinal commitments to the traditional view of police culture. The implications of these findings for policy and future research are considered.     

The Influence of Sexual Orientation on Health Behaviors in Women

SUMMARY

Lesbians may be at risk for poorer health outcomes than heterosexual women because of differential health behaviors and risk factors for disease. Difficulty recruiting representative lesbian populations and a lack of simple, accurate measures of sexual orientation have hindered research about the differential health risks and outcomes faced by lesbian and heterosexual women. The purpose of this article was to (1) examine the relationship between self-chosen sexual orientation labels and other sexual orientation measures and (2) compare the health related behaviors of women of diverse sexual orientations based on simple sexual orientation measures. The participants in this study were women aged 18 to 74 recruited via public announcements in mainstream and minority communities to participate in a randomized trial of breast cancer risk counseling strategies. Sexual orientation, relevant health behaviors and other outcomes related to breast cancer risk and screening were measured. No single measure of sexual behavior or desire appears to accurately measure lesbian sexual orientation. Lesbians were found to participate in mammography and Pap testing at significantly lower levels than bisexuals and heterosexuals. These data add to the growing body of knowledge on lesbian health and point to areas of community action and future research.     

关于应对阻碍警察执法行为的思考

应对阻碍警察执法行为,公安机关应当充分利用现有的立法维护公安机关和警察的执法权威,协调检察院、法院追究阻碍警察执法行为人的妨害公务刑事责任、行政责任和民事责任。维护公安民警正当执法权益委员会应当履行监督、指导、咨询、代理等职责,对阻碍警察的执法行为及时应对,营造正常的执法环境。     

Adolescents’ internalizing and aggressive behaviors and perceptions of parents’ psychological control: a panel study examining direction of effects

This panel study investigated the directionality of relations between adolescents’ perceptions of their parents’ psychological control and adolescents’ self-reported internalizing and aggressive (physical and relational) behaviors. Data were collected from a random, community sample of 530 adolescents ages 12–19 years old at time 1, and again 2 years later. Hierarchical regression analyses found that adolescents’ perceptions of parents’ psychological control at baseline did not predict changes in adolescents’ internalizing and aggressive behaviors over 2 years but higher internalizing behavior and physical aggression at time 1 predicted increases in adolescents’ estimates of their mothers’ and fathers’ psychologically controlling behaviors. Higher relational aggression reported by adolescents at time 1 predicted increases in their perceptions of mothers as psychologically controlling. This study provides more evidence for child effects on adolescents’ ratings of their parents’ psychological control than for parent effects of perceived psychological control on adolescents’ behavior.

Academic Achievement and Problem Behaviors among Asian Pacific Islander American Adolescents

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study tests whether the relationship between academic achievement and problem behaviors is the same across racial and ethnic groups. Some have suggested that academic achievement may be a weaker predictor of problem behaviors among Asian Pacific Islander American (API) youth; that they can have high grades but still exhibit problem behaviors. This study finds that academic performance is a significant predictor of aggressive and nonaggressive delinquent offenses, gang initiation, sexual behaviors, and substance use, and that the relationship generally does not vary by race and ethnicity. Thus, there is little evidence that API youth are high achievers who are also engaging significantly in problem behaviors. The existing perceptions of API youth may be largely based on stereotype and ambivalence.

Examining the Overlap and Prediction of Multiple Forms of Child Maltreatment,Stressors, and Socioeconomic Status: A Longitudinal Analysis of Youth Outcomes

Analyses were conducted to examine the extent of overlap and predictive strength of multiple forms of child maltreatment and stressors internal and external to the family. Findings suggest a strong association between child maltreatment (physical and sexual abuse, neglect, and exposure to domestic violence) and stressors (family conflict, personal problems of parents, and external constraints on the family). After controlling for stressors, family socioeconomic status, and child gender, a general construct of child maltreatment was predictive of internalizing and externalizing behaviors in adolescents. Specific effects of child physical and sexual abuse were revealed in these longitudinal structural equation model tests.

证券市场操纵问题初探

我国立法始终重视证券市场投资者保护问题,法律明确规定“禁止操纵证券市场行为。”操纵证券市场行为给证券市场的秩序造成极大的危害,其直接侵害了投资者的合法权利。文章对操纵证券市场行为进行探析,并提出完善我国规制证券市场操纵行为的法律制度构想。     

转轨时期地方政府行为引起的负外在性问题的研究

转轨时期 ,我国地方政府行为引起的负外在性问题比较突出 ,着重表现在市场分割、过度竞争、产业结构趋同等方面。财税分权制度安排和投融资体制改革、地方市场需求的引致、地方政府角色的变化、相关法制建设滞后是该问题产生和发展的主要成因。鉴于其严重的危害性 ,我们应从深化财税体制改革、完善分税制、理顺政企关系、健全相关法制等方面来加以综合治理。     

医疗过失简论

传统过失犯理论(旧过失论)实质是以“结果无价值论”为其理论基础的。对医疗过失的认定方式无异于对医务人员课以事实上的绝对责任,不利于医学的发展及社会生活的进步。以容许危险理论为基础的新过失论,不仅重视结果无价值,更引入了行为无价值,从而缓和了过失犯的成立,对医疗事故的责任认定方式具有指导意义。     

精神障碍者危害行为的特点、原因及对策

精神卫生问题在我国日益突出,精神障碍者危害行为的多发性、严重性及难以预测性不容忽视。对精神障碍者监护不到位,没有建立精神障碍者治疗、康复的保障体系,经费不落实,缺少专门法律的制约等成为精神障碍者危害行为失控的重要原因。由此建议完善精神障碍者的监护体制,成立公益基金,加快精神卫生立法进程,以保障精神障碍者合法权益,控制精神障碍者危害社会的行为。