人体组织在非缓冲福尔马林固定剂中的STR检测时限

目的评估经非缓冲福尔马林固定不同时间后的人体组织STR分型有效性,了解各种人体组织在非缓冲福尔马林固定剂中可获得完全STR分型位点的时限。方法市售40%福尔马林溶液经1∶9稀释后在室温(15～20℃)下固定人体组织,不同时间后取样。以QIAamp DNA法和IQTMDNA System法提取DNA,用quantifiler humanTaqman探针法进行DNA定量,用常规16 STR位点的AmpFSTR identifiler kit和短小片段9 STR位点的AmpFSTR Min-iFiler kit进行PCR扩增,在3100遗传分析仪进行扩增DNA片段长度检测,用GeneMapper ID v3.2对STR位点检出率进行分析。结果福尔马林固定时间、组织类型以及DNA提取方法、PCR的DNA模板终浓度均影响非缓冲福尔马林固定后人体组织STR分型效能。DNA提取用QIAgen法为优,DNA模板终浓度的最佳范围在1～3ng/μL。各类型组织在非缓冲福尔马林固定剂中的降解速率有差异,肺组织的降解速率最慢,肝、肠组织最快。固定时间在4d内的组织可以获得常规STR的完整位点数;固定时间在15d内的组织可以获得miniSTR的完整位点数。结论非缓冲福尔马林固定人体组织时间是影响STR分型的最主要因素,其次组织类型、提取方法、DNA模板浓度及STR基因座的选择也是此类降解样品成功检测的关键因素。     

Developmental Validation of RSID™-Saliva: A Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Strip Test for the Forensic Detection of Saliva

Abstract:  Current methods for forensic identification of saliva generally assay for the enzymatic activity of α-amylase, an enzyme long associated with human saliva. Here, we describe the R apid S tain ID entification (RSID™-Saliva), a lateral flow immunochromatographic strip test that uses two antisalivary amylase monoclonal antibodies to detect the presence of salivary amylase, rather than the activity of the enzyme. We demonstrate that RSID™-Saliva is accurate, reproducible, and highly sensitive for human saliva; RSID™-Saliva detects less than 1 μL of saliva. The sensitivity of RSID^TM-Saliva allows investigators to sample a fraction of a questioned stain while retaining the majority for DNA-STR analysis. We demonstrate that RSID™-Saliva identifies saliva from a variety of materials (e.g., cans, bottles, envelopes, and cigarette-butts) and it does not cross-react with blood, semen, urine, or vaginal fluid. RSID™-Saliva is a useful forensic test for determining which evidentiary items contain saliva and thus may yield a DNA profile.     

错配引物诱导酶切技术检测GC多态性

目的探讨建立检测GC点突变rs7041的引物错配诱导酶切技术（mismatch primer-induced RFLP,MPIR）及应用价值。方法针对GC基因点突变（NCBI Reference SNP ID：rs7401）,设计错配引物进行PCR扩增,引物错配碱基结合GC点突变诱导XhoI酶切,产生GC-rs7041片断长度多态性,并调查183例温州汉族无关群体GC-rs7401多态性。结果引物错配诱导酶切技术对GC-rs7041亚型的3种基因型分型明确。温州地区汉族人群GC-rs7041 T/G基因频率分别为0.787和0.213,基因型频率分别为T/T0.685、T/G 0.284和G/G 0.071,Ho（0.284）、He（0.337）、PIC（0.279）、DP（0.502）、PE（0.140）,基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。结论成功建立引物错配诱导酶切技术检测GC-rs7041单核苷酸多态性,该位点多态性有实际应用价值。     

Collection and direct amplification methods using the GlobalFiler™ kit for DNA recovered from common pipe bomb substrates

When analyzing DNA from exploded pipe bombs, quantities are often in trace amounts, making DNA typing extremely difficult. Amplifying minute amounts of DNA can cause stochastic effects resulting in partial or uninterpretable profiles. Therefore, the initial DNA collection from “touch” evidence must be optimized to maximize the amount of DNA available for analysis.This proof-of-concept study evaluated two different swab types with two direct amplification strategies to identify the most effective method for recovering DNA from common pipe bomb substrates. PVC and steel pipes, electrical tape, and copper wire spiked with epithelial cells were swabbed with cotton or microFLOQ® Direct Swabs and amplified directly or via a pre-treatment prior to STR amplification.Not only was the microFLOQ® Direct Swab protocol the quickest method with the least risk of contamination, but in combination with direct amplification, the microFLOQ® Direct Swabs also generated the most complete STR profiles.     

A Three‐Locus,PCR‐based Method for Forensic Identification of Plant Material

Plant residue is currently an underutilized resource in forensic investigations despite the fact that many crime scenes, as well as suspects and victims, harbor plant‐derived residue that could be recovered and analyzed. Notwithstanding the considerable skill of forensic botanists, current methods of species determination could benefit from tools for DNA‐based species identification. However, DNA barcoding in plants has been hampered by sequence complications in the plant genome. Following a database search for usable barcodes, broad‐spectrum primers were designed and utilized to amplify and sequence the rbcL, trnL‐F, and rrn18 genetic loci from a variety of household plants. Once obtained, these DNA sequences were used to design species‐targeted primers that could successfully discriminate the source of plant residue from among the 21 species tested.     

构建自然调控（NPR）体系 拓展园林植保发展空间——关于城市园林有害生物治理问题的几点思考

针对当前城市园林有害生物治理对策与防治实践明显脱节的现状,分析园林绿化特质和植保实际状态,提出以"IPM-NPR"策略为基点,以园林植物为轴心,以寄主植物与有害生物协调共存为目的,以系统工程、资源意识、灾害意识、源头治理、过程治理、末端治理为内容,构建适合城市园林特色的园林有害生物治理体系,拓展园林植保发展空间.     

The use of Polilight in the detection of seminal fluid, saliva, and bloodstains and comparison with conventional chemical-based screening tests

Biological stains can be difficult to detect at crime scenes or on items recovered from crime scenes. The use of a versatile light source may assist in their detection. The ability of Polilight to locate potential semen, saliva, and blood stains on a range of substrates and at different dilutions was tested. We also tested the use of Polilight in comparison with conventional chemical-based presumptive screening tests such as acid phosphatase (AP), Phadebas, and luminol, often used in casework for detecting potential semen, saliva, and blood stains, respectively. The Polilight was able to locate stains that were not apparent to the naked eye. The color of the material on which a stain is deposited can have an effect on the detectibility of the stain. The Polilight was found to be comparable with the AP and Phadebas tests in terms of its sensitivity. In a comparative study between the AP test and Polilight on 40 casework exhibits, one false-negative result was observed when using the Polilight. On a series of mock casework exhibits it was determined that the Polilight can be used successfully to locate saliva stains for DNA analysis. The sensitivity of luminol for detecting potential bloodstains was greater than that of Polilight; however the Polilight has particular application in instances where a bloodstain may have been concealed with paint. Overall, the Polilight is a relatively safe, simple, noninvasive, and nondestructive technique suitable for use in forensic casework.     

生物检材中DNA损伤及修复研究进展

从犯罪现场遗留的生物斑迹中提取到的DNA样本可能因为长时间暴露于恶劣的环境中而遭受到各种类型的损伤,导致扩增失败不能获得分型结果。对这些受损伤的DNA样本进行修复并提高其检测成功率,是近年来法庭遗传学领域新的研究热点。本文通过对DNA损伤的原因和类型、DNA损伤修复机制、生物检材中DNA损伤修复研究和应用进行综述,希望能对相关研究和应用提供帮助。     

岫岩满族9个STR基因座遗传多态性

目的用复合荧光扩增体系调查辽宁鞍山岫岩满族无关个体D6S1043、D7S3048、D9S925、D11S2368、D14S608、D15S659、D17S1290、D20S470和GATA198805等9个STR基因座的遗传多态性。方法用本实验室构建的9个常染色体STR基因座荧光复合扩增体系．对辽宁鞍山岫岩满族252个...