法律降低交易成本的机制分析

在法律的经济分析中 ,交易成本是一个重要的分析工具。要揭示法律降低交易成本的功能 ,首先要解决交易成本的计量问题。交易成本的计量应以交易成本与交易价值的比值来界定 ,以此得出交易成本与交易次数之间的关系 ,从而为法律的经济分析提供一个可靠的基础。     

交通成本、消费者选择与旅游目的地发展

交通成本在旅游者目的地选择中的重要性,取决于交通成本在旅游总成本中所占比例的大小。假如其它的旅游费用相对于交通费用较高,那么,交通费用在目的地选择中的重要性就被大大地减弱了。一般来说,旅游距离的增加往往引起交通费用的增加,交通费用在旅游总费用中的比重也会相应增加。因此,如果一个旅游地想吸引较远客源地的游客,就必须设法降低两地间的交通成本。     

研究企业的起源:马克思与科斯

作为经济学大师,马克思和科斯对企业的起源虽然有着不同的理解,但他们从不同角度对企业产生的前提、企业产生和成本的关系、企业的边界、企业的性质等问题的论述,却共同证明了企业不仅是市场经济条件下社会生产力的一种组织形式,而且是特定经济制度下一种社会生产关系的实现形式。     

保险人明确说明义务批判

保险合同法可以体系化地解读为意思自治、给付均衡与合理期待三个核心原则的组合。立法者希望籍说明义务来消减信息不对称,贯彻意思自治。但在建构制度规范时,并未考虑信息传送方的履行成本,对信息接收方的识别成本与关注焦点也存在认识误区。这种过度理想化的设计已被实践证明是失败的。立法应废止实质性的明确说明义务,代之以形式化的信息提供义务。对于意思自治的不足,可以通过提升给付均衡度和更有效保障被保险人对获取保险产品的合理期待加以填补。     

MOOC Spurs Higher Education Reform

正CHEN Hangjie,a sophomore student of Chinese at Zhejiang University of Technology,logged on last April to Coursera,the world’s biggest MOOC website–a chance encounter that transformed his college life.After poring over the impressive array of courses at world famous universities that the website     

遏制和预防公务员腐败的经济学分析

公务员腐败的一个重要原因是我国目前的制度安排尚有缺陷,导致腐败成为“高收益低风险”行为。从微观经济学理论出发,建立成本——收益模型和公务员腐败——廉洁选择的决策树模型。通过制度创新,使腐败成为被查处概率极高、政治风险极大和经济成本极巨的行为。同时,提高公务员廉洁收益。     

会计信息与工资集体协商--理论与实务的几个问题

工资集体协商的实质是经济利益的协商,协商的效果和质量取决于协商手段的运用,特别是协商过程中财务信息的运用。研究工资集体协商过程中涉及的若干会计问题,目的是引导协商主体,充分利用财务信息,提高工资集体协商的质量,实现共赢。     

守法成本及其控制

守法是法律实施的首要环节,守法程度对国家立法与法律实施有着重要的说明意义.守法行为中的成本支出决定着组织和个人在是否守法问题上的行为选择.从成本支出的视角看,如果把守法看作一项法律义务和法律行为,根据权利义务平等的原则,其中存在着相应的国家义务.立法和相关的制度设计、乃至组织执法过程中,应当充分关注守法与守法成本之间的"反比例关系",通过降低守法成本促进我国的法制建设,推动法治进程.     

Promoting customer engagement: A new trend in utility regulation

This paper traces a new development in regulation that encourages utilities to engage more directly with their customers. We make four contributions: First, we perform a comprehensive analysis of how regulators are using customer engagement, and offer a simple model for understanding different customer engagement initiatives. Second, we review assessments of customer engagement. We find that there are no quantitative, empirically robust assessments of the effectiveness of customer engagement as a regulatory tool. Third, we develop two detailed case studies of an energy regulator and a water regulator that are in the forefront of customer engagement efforts. We find that there is no direct link between the engagement strategy used and the economic incentives received by a firm. Finally, we propose a framework for improving the customer engagement process. The new framework relies on microeconomics, modern tools of program evaluation, and supplying the regulated firm with direct incentives to engage with the customer.     

The Investment Approach to Public Service Provision

The investment approach to public service provision is now receiving considerable attention worldwide. By promoting data‐intensive assessments of baseline conditions and how government action can improve on them, the approach holds the potential to transform policy development, service implementation, and program evaluation. Recently, variations on the investment approach have been applied in Australia to explore the effectiveness of specific programs in employment training, criminal justice, and infrastructure development. This article reviews the investment approach, presents a Public Investment Checklist to guide such work, and discusses three examples. It concludes by considering the implications of investment thinking for the work of policy designers and public managers.