Trading when you cannot trade: Blackout periods in Italian firms

This paper is part of the general debate concerning corporate governance. It focuses on a mechanism of self-regulation geared at avoiding market abuses: the use of blackout periods during which insiders are temporarily prohibited from trading on the market. Data concerning corporate characteristics, blackout periods, and internal dealing, seem to indicate that companies with a large number of independent directors and a consistent ability to monitor are more likely to adopt blackout periods. However, the research shows that during 2003 insiders did not comply with Italy's Code of Best Practice; they did not totally refrain from trading during the assigned blackout periods. All three variables measuring frequency trading – the numbers of transactions carried out, of active insiders, and of shares traded – were statistically significant during the specified blackout periods. Therefore, this paper could have practical implications for policy makers. If they decide to adopt self-regulation to fight market abuses, they must be aware that a law is only as effective as its enforcement.     

Party system dynamics in post-war Japan: A quantitative content analysis of electoral pledges

Qualitative accounts of Japanese party politics allude to the standard left-right spectrum, but they invariably devote much more space to discussions of foreign policy differences than to socioeconomic conflict. Quantitative estimates of Japanese party positions treat short party responses to newspaper interviews as if they were true manifestos, and fail both to confirm the claims of the qualitative literature and to demonstrate any consistent basis for party differentiation at all. We address both puzzles by applying a text scaling algorithm to electoral pledges to estimate Japanese party positions on three major policy dimensions. Our analysis largely confirms the findings of the qualitative literature, but also offers new insights about party movement and polarization over time.     

具有中国特色的法律体系浅析

具有中国特色的法律体系已经形成,这是我国社会主义法制建设的重大成就.它是指以中国特色社会主义理论为指导而形成的由法律规范组合为不同的法律部门有机联系的整体.从特征上说,它体现了社会主义的本质要求,具有建构性、一元性及多层次性、控权性等特点.对中国社会主义现代化建设及法制建设具有重要意义.     

机动车司法鉴定机构资质认定认可项目分类探讨

通过对国内机动车行业检测、检查、鉴定管理现状,归纳出社会对机动车司法鉴定主要需求,依据国家已经颁布的相关法律法规,分析机动车司法鉴定机构资质认定、认可的可行性,探索如何建立规范、合理、统一的机动车司法鉴定机构资质认定认可项目分类方法,并推荐了分类模式。     

法人分类模式的立法选择

法人分类模式有＂职能主义＂和＂结构主义＂之别,《民法通则》采＂职能主义法人分类模式＂,根据法人在国家构想的社会整体结构中担当的职能,将法人分为企业法人和非企业法人。这种分类模式渊源于我国法人制度立法的问题意识、立法之时面对的具体问题以及法律科学的发展水平,无法实现其意欲的分类目的,不能解决法人制度真正面对的问题,也无法为法人制度立法提供有效支架。我国未来民法典应回归＂结构主义法人分类模式＂,并以其为主轴设计民法中关于法人制度的规则。     

叙事立场的涉诉信访成因及对策研讨

涉诉信访是公民行使监督权的体现,当下,在建设法治中国的过程中,由于经济体制改革、行政管理体制、司法体制、诉讼制度及历史文化传统等因素的影响,涉诉信访成为公民行使救济权利的手段。这使涉诉信访的功能定位发生偏移,更因为涉诉信访缺乏规范化而破环了法治,助长了人治因素的滋生,与法治中国建设的目标格格不入,因此,将涉诉信访纳入推动法治建设的轨道,发挥其应有之功能是建设法治中国的必然。     

Two Comments on Manning. “The Enslavement of Africans: A Demographic Model,” CJAS/RCEA, 15 (1981), and a Response

This article concerns the resilience of the ethno-linguistic categories in Sudan and analyses the role played by the linguistic classifications established by modern comparative linguistics. As well as a somewhat conventional review of the ethno-linguistic classifications seen as “colonial inventions” by postcolonial studies, it calls for a contextualised analysis of the development of these categories and in particular of their use and socio-political impact from the colonial period to today in a context where the widespread competition for access to power and resources is being settled to a great extent by the possibility of being recognised as an autonomous ethnic entity.     

中国内地与澳门刑法中共同犯罪人分类比较研究

对共同犯罪人进行分类最终是为了解决如何对各共同犯罪人定罪量刑。中国澳门地区刑法和内地刑法关于共同犯罪人分类标准的差异决定了共同犯罪人类型的差异。相比之下，后者的分类方法更有利于正确量刑，但是两种分类方法对于如何对各共同犯罪人定罪都没有提供明确的解决办法，个中深层原因在于对共同犯罪究竞是一罪还是数罪的认识尚未明确，借鉴“行为支配理论”有益于解决上述问题。     

民事诉讼证明妨碍问题之反思——理论、实践及制度优化语境下的思考

证明妨碍问题作为我国证据制度改革领域的关注焦点之一,呈现出日益普遍化和严重化的态势。以此经验事实为考察对象,遵循"问题发现、类型归纳、成因探寻、理论基础挖掘、优化路径论证"的逻辑进路,分别从理论、实践和规范三个维度以及域内与域外双层视角,对证明妨碍的内涵特征、本质成因、现有规制机制以及相关法理基础等问题进行了梳理和反思。在此基础上,围绕证明妨碍行为的定义模型、类型化样态以及证明妨碍制度的正当性和有效性基础,融合我国的现实语境和本土资源,以本次民事诉讼法全面修订为大背景,分别从构成要件、法律效果、制裁机制、免责事由及程序保障等方面为证明妨碍制度的体系化重构与优化提出了一些设想和思路,以期推动我国民事证据制度的科学化革新,提升证据规则与司法程序功能之间的契合度和协调度。     

行政越权论

行政越权是行政主体的积极行政行为超越了法定的职权范围的一种行政行为和行政状态的综合体。在上级行政主体是否会超越下级行政主体的行政职权的问题上 ,要注意区分上下级行政主体之间所处的相互关系。在领导关系中 ,上级行政主体行使了下级行政主体的职权 ,不应当构成行政越权 ;而在指导关系中 ,上级行政主体行使了下级行政主体的职权 ,则构成行政越权。对行政越权的救济应当从抽象行政行为越权与具体行政行为越权两个方面进行。对抽象行政行为越权的救济包括权力机关救济和行政机关救济两个方面 ,对具体行政行为越权的救济包括行政救济和司法救济两个方面。