How Can the European Union Contribute to a COP-6 Agreement? An Overview for Policy Makers

During the 6th Conference of Parties (COP-6) in The Hague, the Netherlands, November 2000, crucial progress on a number of outstanding issues related to the Kyoto Protocol will have to be made to open the way for its early ratification, if not to save it from complete failure. Given the present lack of internal US political support for the Kyoto Protocol, the EU may play a pivotal role in making the Kyoto Protocol agreement a reality even without initial ratification of the US, if its able to provide sufficient leadership. In this overview article we discuss the main issues under negotiation, the problems of finding agreement and opportunities for the EU to catalyse a compromise agreement at COP-6, building on key scientific papers as included in this issue and discussions at the European Forum on Integrated Environmental Assessment Climate Policy Workshop in Amsterdam. Key elements are the inclusion of sinks, the use of the Kyoto Protocol mechanisms as a supplement to domestic action and the international compliance system. Domestic implementation of climate policy is a major factor for the EU's credibility.     

气候变化对青藏高原水资源安全的影响

青藏高原不仅是世界屋脊、亚洲水塔和地球第三极,也是中国重要的生态安全屏障和战略资源储备基地,更是资源政治与地缘政治的结合之处。青藏高原是世界上第三大淡水资源“储存库”,气候变化会加速高原地区的冰川消融,改变跨国界河流径流量的年度和季节性变化,增加水资源分配模式的不稳定性,从而加剧地区性水资源稀缺性危机,使地区性洪涝灾害增多,水治理难度提升。气候变化对青藏高原水资源安全的影响会产生连锁性的政治、经济与安全效应,不仅影响高原地区国家的水力开发计划与基础设施安全,加剧地缘政治博弈的复杂性,而且影响中国的海外水电投资,使中国的“一带一路”倡议和水利“十三五”发展规划的实施面临更多的国际压力与挑战。在气候变化的影响下,青藏高原水资源安全涉及十几亿人口的生存和发展问题,涉及亚洲的稳定与和平。对此,中国应积极实践构建人类命运共同体理念,在青藏高原水资源安全的维护上扮演更重要的角色,一方面在技术层面上加强对青藏高原水资源安全动态的深度调查与持续性跟踪研究,另一方面在政治层面上推动高原地区国家的气候治理合作与区域合作框架构建。     

A mission-driven research program on solar geoengineering could promote justice and legitimacy

ABSTRACT

Over the past decade or so, several commentators have called for mission-driven research programs on solar geoengineering, also known as solar radiation management (SRM) or climate engineering. Building on the largely epistemic reasons offered by earlier commentators, this paper argues that a well-designed mission-driven research program that aims to evaluate solar geoengineering could promote justice and legitimacy, among other valuable ends. Specifically, an international, mission-driven research program that aims to produce knowledge to enable well-informed decision-making about solar geoengineering could (1) provide a more effective way to identify and answer the questions that policymakers would need to answer; and (2) provide a venue for more efficient, effective, just, and legitimate governance of solar geoengineering research; while (3) reducing the tendency for solar geoengineering research to exacerbate international domination. Thus, despite some risks and limitations, a well-designed mission-driven research program offers one way to improve the governance of solar geoengineering research relative to the ‘investigator-driven’ status quo.     

毛泽东对中国社会主义工业化道路的探索及其现实意义

半个世纪前,毛泽东结合我国社会主义建设的实践,对中国社会主义工业化道路进行了艰辛而又曲折的探索。毛泽东从发展生产力的角度提出发展我国的现代工业,阐明了工业化的重要意义,论证了我国实现工业化的必要条件,提出了我国实现工业化的标准。毛泽东工业化道路思想经历了四个发展阶段。毛泽东的工业化道路思想对我国今后走新型工业化道路仍有指导意义和启示作用。     

转轨时期俄罗斯远东的农业

俄罗斯实行经济转轨以来 ,远东地区农业生产大幅度滑坡 ,农业企业在困境中求生存、求发展 ,步履维艰。俄远东地区农产品生产成本高、需求缺口较大 ,加之特定的资源和经济社会发展条件 ,为发展中俄农业合作提供了良好的机遇。     

简论邓小平优先发展农业的思想

邓小平关于农业问题的理论,不仅表现在对农业重要性以及与其他各产业发展关系的论述上,还体现在关于如何优先发展农业的论述中。他强调把解决好农业、农民问题放在各项工作的首位,要把优先发展农业作为指导经济建设和改革开放大业的根本方针。     

中国农村基本制度的历史沿革和启示

中国农村基本制度的历史变迁大体可分成五个阶段。通过考察研究得出中国历史上的乡村基层制度在整体上是合理有效的。其中,乡村自治、乡绅参与和有限政府是三个重要经验。这些对当前中国的农村改革有着重大的启示。     

农业结构调整的制约因素及应对策略

当前农业结构调整存在着许多制约因素,如缺乏理论指导、缺少产业组织引导、缺少社会资本介入以及各种制度障碍。应积极引进各种社会资本参与农业结构调整,鼓励农业产业组织的发展,并为农业结构调整提供必要的制度支持。     

人口重压下我国发展模式的选择--兼论"三农"问题及其对策

在沉重的人口压力下,我国必须选择“以人为本”的可持续发展道路,强化国人尤其是农村的人力资源能力建设。为此,必须对当前实施赶超型、跨越式发展等问题进行反思,并提出把农村人力资源开发作为解决“三农”问题的突破口的对策建议。     

对农业合作化运动后期偏差成因的再认识

从政治体制和政治文化看,党的一元化领导体制造成的个人集权、一刀切、强迫命令、“群众运动”的价值心理、恐右等是农业集体化后期出现偏差的重要原因。