翻译中的文化差异(英文)

没有文化因素的语言是不存在的。两个国家语言的交流实际上就是文化的交流。跨文化交流的目的就是翻译。汉语与英语的主要区别不仅在于表达方法,语法和修辞上的不同,而且在于文化背景的不同。东西方文化的差异已经深深的影响了翻译的过程与准确性。这篇论文认为宏观的文化因素将会扩大翻译的规模和丰富翻译研究的内容。文章首先在东西文化翻译方面作了对比,然后用举例子的方法说明了自己的观点。主要从地理位置,历史传统,物质生活或经历,文化和价值这五个方面来解释的。第一个方面说明了不同的地域产生了不同的文化。第二个方面阐释了不同的历史文化作为文化的一部分在翻译中的影响。第三个方面分析了随着不同的经济发展而改变的物质生活是人们社会生活和精神生活的基础,并且深深的影响了翻译。第四个方面讨论了作为行动的基础价值观指导我们的行为而且决定了不同的文化必然会有不同的交流行为。第五个方面说明了宗教在每一种文化中都占有重要的位置。最后提出了对翻译工作中发展方向的认识。     

新安全观与中国国际传播的战略选择

国际传播在捍卫与社会主义国家性质相一致的意识形态利益,乃至国家整体安全战略方面有着极其重要的作用。"国家利益至上",是我国国际传播最根本的战略原则;"做国际社会中负责任大国"这一新世纪战略思想,是当前我国国际传播战略中的基本指导思想;"坚持'一国两制',维护祖国统一"方针的宣传,是当前乃至今后我国国际传播中一项极为重要的战略任务。"软权力"正成为现代国际关系中的聚焦点,为应对复杂的安全战略环境,维护国家利益,我国国际传播必须做出正确的战略选择。     

Media Priming in a Multi-Party Context: A Controlled Naturalistic Study in Political Communication

This study investigates media priming effects in the context of a Summit meeting of European Union (EU) leaders. It differs in four ways from most previous non-experimental priming studies: (1) it provides survey data accompanied by a content analysis of the news, (2) it compares priming effects on evaluations of a number of political leaders, who differed in their visibility in the news, (3) it involves an issue with low salience, and (4) it studies priming effects in the context of a European Parliamentary democracy. The study involves a two-wave panel study (before and after the Summit) on a representative sample of 817 Dutch adults, and a content analysis of the newspaper and television news in the 8 weeks leading up to the Summit meeting. The study shows that media priming effects occur only for the politicians who appeared visible in the news in connection with the issue. The media priming effects were not significantly moderated by political attentiveness or by political knowledge. We also explore the aggregate level consequences of priming for the popularity of leaders, and demonstrate that, as a result of media priming, two politicians became more popular, despite having received a bad press.

网络社会的信息传播模式及不良信息监测技术

随着网络技术的飞速发展,互联网给人们的生活带来了极大的便利,同时也为不良信息的传播提供了载体,文章分析了网络社会中的信息传播模式,提出了一种不良信息监测系统的实现框架,归纳总结了目前不良信息监测中采用的一些技术。     

Performative Translation Options Under The Soviet Regime

Translations must be read in their immediate social context in order to understand their performative meaning. The Soviet period in Estonia featured censored and self-censored public writing, whereas cultural discourse that doubted the hegemonic ideology could be conducted primarily through translation. This reality renders significant the selective differences between translators on both the metatextual and textual levels. The topic of this article is the translations of Enn Soosaar (1937–2010), a writer keenly aware of the value of his translations as weapons of communication trained on their environment.     

媒介传播时态下的“微政治”：基本认知与中国语境

自媒体作为典型的媒介传播正在以一种前所未见的技术力量深刻地塑造着后传统社会的生态与情境,并将人类带入了微政治的全新时代。微政治不是传统的阶级政治,它是以网络传媒为代表的新兴技术力量嵌入并塑造的社会;是将普通人的日常事务纳入政策关切,从而带来治理结构转型的一场政治社会运动。微政治也对中国的社会政治结构变迁提出了挑战。     

Innovation in Communication and Media Studies: Reflections from South African Academics

Abstract

This article discusses the possibility of a discipline of communication and media studies that is innovative, pluralistic and open in ways that conduce to development. Based on a set of in-depth interviews with a select group of South African communication and media studies scholars, the article discusses critically how, and if, communication and media studies as a field is innovative. Innovation here talks to a discipline that is imaginatively open to a myriad of different, diverse and divergent contributions relevant to the human endeavour of understanding the world in ways that better humanity. In doing this, the authors critically explore how the discipline is perceived variously by the scholars interviewed as enabling, encompassing and embodying innovation in research, teaching, curricula, theory, methodology, resourcing, and community outreach. As such the article addresses a span of issues that either support or inhibit innovation.     

Churnalism and Hype in Science Communication: Comparing University Press Releases and Journalistic Articles in South Africa

Abstract

Against the background of a fast-changing media environment and increasing competition in the science arena, we explored how media outlets use science- based press releases issued by research-intensive universities in South Africa. We compared 40 science-related media articles to related institutional press releases. We found that most press releases are re-published with minimal journalistic input and no crediting of the original source, with indications of hype present in a third of the media articles. This could be a reason for concern because press releases issued by research institutions are written to serve the interests of the institution and not to reflect on science. When media outlets re- publish these press releases without editorial input, it means that the critical or investigative role of the media is lost. Given concerns about the long-term implications of churnalism and hype in science media coverage, we ask whether PR-driven communication of science, as practiced by university media offices, among others, serves the long-term interests of science and society. We suggest that universities should consider the options and benefits of moving towards a new science communication paradigm focused less on reputation-building and more on constructive public engagement and helpful dialogue with society.     

现代诉讼的本质:全面理性的规范沟通

纠纷的成因是交往失败,而诉讼是重新交往解决纠纷的一种方式。将诉讼置于交往视野下,诉讼的沟通性便得以显现。无论是民事、行政还是刑事诉讼,均渗透着立足言语、实现主体间沟通的理念。诉讼通过外在规范特性保证主体间的沟通顺利进行,没有建制化程序的外在保障,沟通难以成效。诉讼的内在规范性是对诉讼规范性内涵的丰富,是一种内在的交往预设程序。经过对规范价值的内在化,诉讼交往主体形成自我约束,对诉讼规则、交往预设自愿主动承受,促进共识的实现和纠纷的解决。可以说,现代诉讼克服了传统职权主义模式或者当事人主义模式的片面理性,追求客观世界、主观世界和规范世界相融通的全面理性,保障司法公正、令人信服司法,达到司法真正权威。因此,诉讼区别于其他纠纷解决机制的最大不同,在于诉讼的本质是全面理性的规范沟通。