To share is fair: The changing face of China's fair use doctrine in the sharing economy and beyond

Copyrighted works are greatly entwined with the concept of the sharing economy because of their status as informational public goods. Unlike commercial sharing models that address tangible goods such as bikes and houses, the sharing of which is limited by their physical nature, sharing models for intangible copyrighted works such as Google Books and live game webcasting must account for the comparatively unfettered ability for these to be shared. Accordingly, these models are more focused on exploiting such works to their full commercial potential. However, these sharing models are to a large extent based on the unauthorised exploitation of copyrighted works and will be unworkable if the related copyright issues cannot be solved. The interest that copyright owners have in exclusivity must thus be balanced with the public's interest in further exploitation of copyrighted works. Article 22 of the Copyright Law of China outlines an exhaustive list of copyright exceptions; such a restrictive list is incompatible with the sharing economy. The Chinese courts have realised this problem and have gone beyond the law in their judgments, taking a cue from their US counterparts. However, many of these decisions appear to be inconsistent with one another.To address the aforementioned problems, this paper examines the latest proposed amendment to the Copyright Law of China and proposes several legislative and judicial actions that could help promote the sharing economy. At the legislative level, enacting legislation based on a refined open-ended fair use model is necessary to promote the development of the sharing economy. At the judicial level, Chinese courts should employ the concept of transformative use to correctly interpret legislation based on the proposed open-ended model. With transformative use as the cornerstone of copyright policy, the public gains the freedom to share others’ works, participate in the innovation process, and create works with new value. Moreover, authors would retain an incentive to create works under such a legal regime because market substitution will not occur if a work is used for a different expressive purpose than that for which the work was originally created. Thus, a balance can be achieved between promoting the sharing economy and protecting the exclusivity of copyright in China.     

教案著作权问题探讨

在教案的著作权问题中,教案是否是作品、教案著作权归属、教案本物权归属三个问题的结论是:教案是作品,编写教案产生的是演绎作品;教案属于一般性职务作品,其著作权归教师个人所有,但学校有权在其业务范围内优先使用;教案本的物权归教师所有。     

论中国特色社会主义制度的法理基础

中国特色社会主义制度的法理基础系于马克思主义。立足于坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域指导地位的根本制度,在帝制崩溃、经学瓦解一百多年以后的今天,建构"马克思主义四书",有助于夯实中国特色社会主义制度的法理基础。在马克思主义文献体系中,《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》《共产党宣言》《党章总纲》《宪法序言》占据了特殊的地位。根据马克思主义及其中国化的这一条基本线索,从坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度的实际情况出发,可以把这四篇文献汇集起来,作为"马克思主义四书",以之为中国特色社会主义制度的法理基础,进行精准奠基。     

Hands Tied with Bag Full of Books in Suicidal Hanging

Hanging deaths associated with binding of limbs, masking of a face, and gagging are always suspicious. In suicidal hanging, the victim uses these added techniques to prevent him from backing out of his decision and to ensure death. However, binding of limbs and adding extra weight to the suspension in hanging are not reported. Herein, we report a case where the victim tied a bag containing books weighing 7 kg (15.4 lbs) to both his hands during hanging. The forensic specialist must be aware of the unusual presentation of suicidal hanging which may suggest foul play. The manner of death must be established after detailed analysis of circumstantial evidence, information obtained from the witnesses, complete autopsy, and toxicological examination.     

我国民族古籍传统分类体系概述——以纳西族、藏族、彝族古籍为例

以纳西族、藏族、彝族古籍为例,总结了历史上我国民族古籍传统分类体系的特点,介绍和分析了近现代学者对民族古籍的分类方法,并提出建立适用而完善的民族古籍分类体系的粗略设想。     

西夏藏书管窥

从有关研究看,西夏是一个文化发达,出版业兴盛,藏书事业繁荣的历史时期,由于史料缺乏,我们目前还无法了解其藏书事业的许多具体情况,而只能从一些间接或零星的材料中窥其一斑。从西夏的社会历史和文化背景看,西夏的藏书活动具有以下几个特点。第一,西夏境内多民族和多元文化的并存,使西夏藏书具有多元文化和多文字性。第二,西夏文文献的大量刊印,使西夏文文献成为西夏藏书的重要内容。第三,随着党项统治者推行汉化,崇尚儒术的不断深入,以儒学典籍为主的书籍成为西夏藏书内容的主体,反映出西夏王朝在文化血脉上与中原汉文化的不可分割性。第四,西夏的私人藏书,主要以党项上层贵族和汉族知识分子为主。第五,佛教的兴盛以及佛经被大量输入、翻译和刻印,第六,黑水城出土的大量文献,反映出在西夏的这个偏远地区也曾有过发达的藏书事业。     

论图书资料对大学生自主学习的影响

一个学生在学校课桌旁度过十几年宝贵光阴之后,应当学到的最重要的东西,就是怎样读书.而在接受教育的过程中,仅仅依靠老师在课堂传授知识,势必局限学生的学科视野,甚至导致学生的个性发展受到抑制.解决这个问题的最好的方式应该是让学生利用图书资料进行自主学习.     

长沙民政学院图书馆藏书建设策略

作者在文中分析了长沙民政学院图书馆在藏书建设方面面临的问题，并根据学院馆藏书建设的两大原则，提出了解决问题的策略。     

少年中国学会的出版事业

少年中国学会非常重视学术文化事业,其大多数会员也以学术研究为自己的终身事业,他们在学会活动中极为重视书刊的出版发行工作。他们自行编辑出版的几种刊物和丛书从多方面反映了那个时代青年中浪漫的理想追求氛围,对改造中国问题的严肃思考,以及对世界潮流的认同、对科学民主精神的呼唤。这些既是当代中国思想文化潮流的组成部分,又留下了少年中国学会的珍贵史料。     

浅谈古籍整理工作的意义及未来发展趋势

古籍是中华民族历史和文化的积累，是人类文明的产物，使这些人类智慧的结晶，转化为推动社会发展与进步的现实动力，是时代赋予古籍整理工作的历史使命。本文通过对古籍和古籍整理工作的简单介绍，深刻剖析古籍整理工作的意义及未来发展趋势，以现代的眼光看待过去，并且发掘认识到过去东西的现实意义，真正做到“古为今用”。