Intra-household gender inequality: hidden dimensions of poverty among Polish women

This paper challenges recent findings from quantitative studies of poverty in post-communist countries which deny the existence of gender differences in poverty in post 1989 Poland. The author uncovers hidden forms of the feminization of poverty by studying it from the micro-perspective of the family and the household. This perspective highlights gender differences in the division of labor, leisure time, as well as the fact that it is women’s primary responsibility to secure the basic needs of the family. This study presents strong evidence for a variety of ways in which men and women experience and endure poverty differently in an impoverished area in Poland, a fact which is associated with the role of culture, history and tradition in shaping gendered patterns of reaction towards poverty and hardship. The paper is based on the content analysis of in-depth interviews collected during a field research conducted within the project “Old and new forms of poverty in Poland” (1997–1998) and “Poverty, Ethnicity, and Gender inTransitional Societies (1999–2000).¹     

以科学的态度正确认识和创新劳动价值论

马克思创立的劳动价值论曾为无产阶级革命斗争和我国社会主义建设发挥过重要的指导作用,不能否认其科学性。但时代的发展和社会主义市场经济的发展,也使劳动价值论面临越来越多的问题与矛盾。对此,顺应时代潮流,回应市场经济呼唤,创新和发展劳动价值论,是我们的必然选择。     

The Hidden Ingredient: Female Labour in Chilean Fruit Exports

Abstract — The Chilean fruit export sector has expanded rapidly over the past decade. A large army of female temporary workers is recruited annually to work in the fruit export sector, playing a key role in the preparation of high quality off-season fruit for northern markets. Despite their annual employment in a modern export sector, these temporary workers remain a marginalised force in Chile, reflected in the significant underestimation of the female agricultural labour force. This paper examines the reasons for their marginalisation. the gender segmentation of the temporary fruit labour market, and considers the potential effect of increased international competition on the employment of female temporary labour.     

市场监管法属于经济法抑或属于行政法

市场监管法以市场监管关系为调整对象则属于行政法范畴,要使其能够真正发挥应有的作用,则必须以竞争关系为调整对象,并以有关国家机关为辅助机关,以司法救济途径为主的方式重新构建之。     

Multiculturalism,Institutional Law,and Imaginary Justice

Following Le Pen's relative successin the French presidential vote and the BritishNational Party's historic return in our own2002 local elections, the article considers theprospects for the production of morecommunicative race relations in contemporaryBritain. To this end we reassess the media'streatment of the Stephen Lawrence case andexplore the political logic of the Macphersonreport, the policy document which followed theapparent miscarriage of justice that allowedLawrence's alleged killers to walk free. Interms of our analysis of the media we areconcerned to show how the real of Britain'sordinary racism was hidden behind an ideologyof multiculturalism that scapegoated singularindividuals to cover for the structuralinequalities of wider society. The article aimsto show how the media upheld the notion ofobjective justice that institutional law wasapparently unable to secure.But while the media supported the ideology ofthe law, its exposure of the failings ofinstitutional law also led to calls for legalreform to guarantee the realisation ofinstitutional justice. Although we accept thatthe attempt to achieve legal totality isimpossible, our argument is that the critiqueof legal objectivity, which takes in subjectiverights claims, may present the possibility forthe realisation of a novel, inclusive, model ofrace relations. That is to say that althoughthe media supports the ideology of the law, thefact that this support requires a critique ofpractical law forces the law to modernisearound the idealistic demands of its ownideological structure. Akin toDouzinas,¹ who has argued for theendless expansion of rights as post-modernutopianism, we believe that this process ofmodernisation, which is arranged to maintainthe status quo through minimal reform, is thecondition of possibility of a more inclusivesystem of race relations.     

对我国欠发达地区农业劳动力转移的几点思考

欠发达地区农业劳动力转移具有重要意义和特有形式。欠发达地区农业劳动力转移具有诸多制约因素。只有针对制约因素,采取相应对策,才能较好地实现欠发达地区农业劳动力的转移。     

国有企业职工的内部分化及其利益关系

国有企业内部不同职工群体,利益存在差异。非工资性收入、要素参与分配强化了内部分化,经营者群体与弱势(困难)职工群体成为分化的两极。易导致分化矛盾的是收入差距的过分悬殊、灰色或黑色收入造成的收入差距、经营者无业绩前提下的收入差距、经营者与普通职工收入的逆向分化、企业转制中非规范操作形成的财富差距。企业内部的利益差异要控制在合理的限度内,利益整合要立足中间调控两端,扩大企业内部中等收入者比重,工会在利益关系整合中要发挥应有的作用。     

东盟自由贸易区的特点及我国涉东盟民商事关系法律的价值取向

随着中国-东盟自由贸易区的启动和建立,我国与东盟之间将在投资和各项贸易方面密切合作,这势必会产生大量的民商事法律关系.而如何处理和对待我国涉东盟的民商事法律关系,这是目前摆在我们面前急需探讨的问题.由于中国-东盟自由贸易区是我国与他国的第一个区域自由贸易安排,加之东盟自由贸易区自身特点十分突出,所以,我国在处理涉东盟民商事法律关系时应有独到的价值取向.     

适应新形势的要求塑造工会领导者的新形象

工会领导者形象是工会领导者内在素质和外显行为的综合体现 ,它体现着工会组织的性质和基本职责 ,直接影响到职工群众对工会组织的认识、评价和态度。伴随我国的劳动关系和工会工作的领域、重点、方式的深刻变化 ,要求工会领导者塑造好代表维护者、组织引导者、支持合作者、学习进取者的形象     

经济全球化对我国劳动关系的影响及对策

经济全球化和加入WTO,使我国劳动关系正在发生巨大的变化。准确把握劳动关系的新变化,顺应经济全球化潮流,对于建立适应社会主义市场要求的科学和谐的新型劳动关系,具有重大意义。要采取相应的对策,加强劳动立法,营造良好的法律环境,工会要强化职能,充分发挥在调整劳动关系中的作用。