计算机软件著作权保护对象范围研究——对美国相关司法探索历程的分析与借鉴

作为功能性技术产品，计算机软件在我国著作权法下的保护范围仍处于模糊状况。美国司法实践中对软件著作权保护对象范围的界定经过了较长期探索，积累的理论和司法审判结论对世界软件产业及司法实践影响广泛。我国司法可借鉴美国的经验、理论和案例，以立法目的为出发点，考量技术领域的利益平衡关系，在司法实践中对软件著作权保护对象范围做出更加明确的合理界定，从而在激励软件开发与促进技术的传播和进步之间实现最佳平衡。     

政行二分理论视野中的我国政策过程分析

政治与行政二分理论在公共行政思想史上具有里程碑式的意义，对公共行政实践的发展也产生了持续深远的影响。本文在述评政治与行政二分理论基础上，分析其核心价值在我国的普适性，并藉此审视我国行政系统政策过程中的现实问题，提出相应的完善策略。     

我国著作权法立法应引入二分法原则与合并原则

思想与表达二分法原则在许多国家立法以及国际条约中都有明确规定,我国的立法中于2001年的《计算机软件保护条例》中有所规定,但2001年修订的著作权法并未纳入该原则。随着网络信息技术的发展,思想与表达二分法原则在实践运用中面临许多新的挑战,二分法原则的例外——合并原则有其引入的必要性。应在我国著作权法立法体系中纳入思想与表达二分法原则及合并原则的方式。     

Independent Budget Offices and the Politics–Administration Dichotomy

The discipline of public administration has long grappled with the issue of how much involvement by public managers is warranted in the political sphere. Legislative Budget Offices (LBOs) provide an intriguing case study in this regard. This article examines the contributions of three works that successfully encapsulate the difficulties, as well as the merits, of an institution constituted of public managers (economists) wresting political control from politicians (executives and legislators) to create value for the public. The review article thus shows why the experiences of Legislative Budget Offices can serve as informative accounts for scholars of public administration.     

从“主、客二分”到“主、客一体”

"主、客二分"和"主、客一体"这两种范式的基本特点和主要区别在于,前者的基本观点是"主体=人、客体=物",后者的基本观点是"主体≠人、客体≠物"。从"主、客二分"到"主、客一体"的范式转变,具有重要的意义和作用:是彻底克服"主、客二分"范式的逻辑弊病,发扬"主、客一体"范式理论优势的需要;是发展环境资源保护事业,建设生态文明的需要;是告别旧时代,信任和投入新时代的需要;是学科健康发展、深化科学研究和创新的需要。     

股权二分论下的有限责任公司股权转让

在有限责任公司股权转让中,将股权的财产权和人身权捆绑的研究模式,会在很多具体问题的解决方面留有理论遗漏。将财产权与人身权分离,不仅可以更好地实现对公司人合性的保护,而且对构建股权变动理论,解决股权强制转让、股权继承以及股权赠与等特殊问题上形成较为完整的理论支撑。     

Preventive veto and obstructive veto: the imposition of public policy by organizations on the margins of government

This article argues that powerful organizations at the margins of government (i. e,, contractors, franchisers, quangos, state-owned corporations, etc.) which provide vital public services are able to impose public policy on the electorate and elected officials in democratic countries. These organizations' enormous resources, including not only their tangible assets, but also freedom from accountability and dependent clientele, constitute both a source of power and vital vested interests. Illustrating with the example of the Kupat Holim Sick Fund of Israel, it shows how when these interests are significantly jeopardized, the organizations impose veto power: a preventive veto at the policy making stage or an obstructive veto at the policy implementation stage. Both types of veto enable them to appropriate the major instruments of policy making - allocation, regulation, and restructuring - from elected government. This ability undermines the traditional relationship between the electorate and elected and raises questions about the risks to democracy inherent in the proliferation of such bodies on the margins of government.     

Partnership in Love and in Business

This article ponders the influences ofthe dichotomous nature of our understanding law andto questions that starting point on different levels oflegal thinking.The purpose of law is to make rules for our socialbehaviour but there are no specific images of humanbeings behind law. When there are no defined images,subconscious cultural images shape our thinkingsometimes even without our realizing it, and withoutserious discussion. The division between family andthe market has to do with gender divisions as well aswith the division between family and contract law. Thelogic and human image behind these two branches of lawis different.Even if we may behave differently in differentsituations we do not become altogether differentkinds of human beings with different values when wechange surroundings. Thus, we might instead develop asa starting point human co-operation law where familyand business partnerships are seen as specialbranches. The starting point of this co-operation lawwould be many-sided and pluralistic human beings, who would be atthe same time loving and egotistic, communal andindividual, feminine and masculine. Such human beingsmay be regarded as multicoloured instead of white orblack.     

股权分置改革中的行政授予与补偿协商:公法与私法的融合

中国的股权分置改革一方面要使非流通股股东取得流通权,另一方面也要让流通股股东获得合理补偿以求改革能够稳定推进。传统观点下的契约理论和行政征收理论均不能适切解释中国的股权分置改革方案。在公、私法融合背景下,美国学者新近提出的行政授予(regulatory givings)学说,可与大陆法上的行政行为附款理论相互协力,为股权分置改革方案提供正当性基础。应须指出,中国的改革方案通过非流通股股东和流通股股东协商的方式进行估价和实现补偿,采用财产法则而非补偿法则保障流通股股东的权益,实属符合经济效率之举。然而,本方案仍有诸多值得改进之处。     

论双重版电影版权的“二元”承认与保护——一个国际贸易体制下电影版权保护的国际法新原则

境外电影作品的引进产生双重版电影版权的保护冲突问题,对此依我国现行法律无法实现对境外电影作品版权的合理保护。本文提出双重版电影版权二元承认与保护的理论,并在对这一理论进行多维分析的基础上,阐明了其合理价值及其对于完善我国涉外版权关系调整与保护的必要性和重要性;论述了境外原版电影版权的各项具体著作权在二元保护理论中的配置问题;提出了境外原版电影在中国境内享有的版权和禁止的版权的版权二分法;认为不论对境外原版电影作品的何种版权的侵权形式均应当承担民事责任以有利于禁止境外违禁作品在中国境内的非法传播,并给出立法建议以期完善我国的境外电影作品版权保护制度。