Involvement in voluntary associations in North America and Western Europe: Trends and correlates 1981–2000

Abstract

There is no lack of studies that point at discomforting trends in community life and citizens' social and political involvement in contemporary society. According to various indicators, Americans have become increasingly disconnected from their families, friends, neighbours and associations, leading to a decline of civic community and social trust and to more individual unhappiness. Similar developments are supposed to take place elsewhere. In this article we use data from the European and World Values Studies to address, for North America and Western Europe, (1) trends regarding voluntary associations, social trust, political involvement and happiness in the 1981–2000 period; (2) changing patterns and types of involvement in associations; and (3) macro and micro relationships between this involvement and political involvement, social trust and happiness. We find no general decline in these traits, no trend towards more passive membership, and only mixed evidence for positive connections between involvement, trust and happiness.     

The Marital Context for Father Involvement with Their Preschool Children

SUMMARY

Fathers from dual-earner families with preschool-aged children reported that they were frequently involved in disciplining their children, often helped them in their daily routines, and occasionally got up at night with them. Fathers' sense of competence in the paternal role was predicted by marital satisfaction and the perception that their partners view them as competent fathers. Fathers' satisfaction in the paternal role was predicted by marital satisfaction and adaptability within the couple relationship. These results highlight the marital relationship as an important context for the quality of men's experience in their fathering role. Implications for programs promoting father involvement are discussed.     

Taking Part at Sea China's first involvement in RIMPAC presents a positive message of Sino-U.S. military cooperation

正China sent a fleet to the Rim Pacific Exercise(RIMPAC)in June,marking the country’s first involvement in the world’s biggest marine military drill,headed by the United States.The drill has provided an opportunity for Beijing and Washington to enhance their military communication and mutual trust.     

猪瘟病毒野毒株和兔化弱毒疫苗株复合实时荧光定量RT-PCR鉴别方法的建立

根据GenBank中的猪瘟病毒强毒和弱毒株基因组序列设计了1对针对猪瘟病毒的通用引物和2条分别针对猪瘟病毒强毒和猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗株的特异性TaqMan水解探针,建立了一种能区分猪瘟病毒强毒和兔化弱毒疫苗株的复合实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法。结果显示,该方法能将我国大陆流行的不同基因亚群的猪瘟病毒强毒株与猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗株完全区分开来,而不与其他猪源病毒发生非特异反应,分别可检测到初始模板中41.8和81.5个拷贝的病毒RNA,与已建立的复合RT-套式PCR的敏感性相近,两种方法对152份样品检测的符合率达96.9%~100%。通过对8份猪瘟兔化细胞疫苗效价的检测,证实本方法与兔体反应热测定法有一定的相关性,可用于猪瘟病毒强毒株和兔化弱毒疫苗的定量和鉴别检测。     

论司法精神病鉴定听证制度构建

饱受争议的司法精神病鉴定相比其他类鉴定项目较为特殊,鉴定意见决定了当事人的责任能力、受审能力、证人的作证能力、妇女的性自卫能力、罪犯的服刑能力等,直接涉及当事人的切身利益,对案件的影响较大。然而鉴定本身缺乏实验数据支持的学科特点,以及依靠文证材料的鉴定方法,很容易导致当事人对鉴定的怀疑和争议。为解决以上问题,尝试将具有形式公开、当事人参与等特点的听证制度引入该领域,从静态和动态两个方面构建全新的听证制度和程序,以保证在鉴定意见出具之前双方当事人能够充分陈述、举证、质证、阐述争点、行使辩论,对个人主张负举证、说服责任,在参与、监督鉴定的过程中消除疑惑、争议,更能理解鉴定意见的得出。     

养老保险改为分账管理后面临的问题和对策

国务院于2000年底决定进行完善城镇养老保险的试点,试点的主要内容是实行个人账户的实账运营和统筹账户与个人账户的分账管理.这一试点必然带来个人账户基金平衡、财政补贴增大、代际负担不均衡、基金保值增值等问题.为此,实行试点后必须采取以下对策;加大征缴和管理力度、调整个人账户记费率、调整个人账户发放比例、延长职工退休年龄、发行长期国债、变卖部分国有资产.     

产品涉入、感知风险与金融商品再购意愿

以具有金融商品购买经验的顾客为研究对象,探讨后危机时期顾客产品涉入、感知风险对金融商品再购意愿的影响。通过引入金融风险属性和顾客风险偏好,剖析顾客产品涉入、感知风险对金融商品再购意愿的影响,并在此基础上构建顾客产品涉入、感知风险对金融商品再购意愿影响的整合研究架构。通过对494位具有购买金融商品经验的顾客调查数据研究发现:首先,产品涉入不仅能够降低感知风险,而且还能提升顾客对金融商品的再购意愿,而感知风险却抑制了顾客对金融商品的再购意愿;其次产品涉入不仅能够直接作用于再购意愿而且还能通过感知风险间接作用于再购意愿;最后产品涉入和感知风险对再购意愿的影响会受到顾客风险偏好和金融商品风险属性的干扰。     

突发事件应急处置中“高位介入”的思考

第一时间响应要求重视属地管理为主的危机应对准则,但实践中盲目过度依赖高位介入潜藏着一定的危险性。高位介入在发挥积极作用的同时,也带有不容忽视的负面效应。科学的危机处置,需要理性地处理好属地管理为主与高位介入的关系。     

Radical Pragmatism

Abstract

The article introduces radical pragmatism, an approach to working with girls in conflict with the law based on experience, research, and theory, including an analysis of the structural and gendered inequities in which girls live and make choices. There are three components. First, abolish punitive practices and stereotypes that do not attend to girls' requirements of well-being. Second, expand what does work, including the effective, efficient community and school programs that prevent crime and promote well-being as well as differential interventions and compensatory, restorative initiatives for individual girls and groups. Third, politicize the need for equity and human rights by listening to what girls say they require to heal the hurts and prevent additional ones and by ensuring parity in funds and programs that build on what girls require.