Business’ societal involvement: towards a moral view

Abstract

Businesses which function according to a neoliberal framework objectify society by seeing it as a mechanism to enhance profit. Businesses become involved on a societal level so as to portray themselves as caring and to generate positive publicity. This article critically discusses this relationship between business and society and then investigates two alternatives, namely, alternatives along the socialism-capitalism continuum and alternatives beyond the socialismcapitalism debate. In this relationship, conservation, eco-operation, empowerment, accord, succour and justice are important to business. The managerial relationship between business and society is analysed against the background of businesses’ involvement in society.     

The Pragmatic Research Approach： A Framework for Sustainable Management of Public Housing Estates in Nigeria

The paper is based on a research which tries to explore, explain and develop a framework that would be used in the sustainable post-construction management of public housing estates. Literature review provides evidence of the extent of unoccupied, unfinished, vandalized, and abandoned social housing estates in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, signifying that the availability and management of decent public housing estates in the Niger Delta of Nigeria are lacking because the post-construction management practice is not as good as it should be. The aim of this paper is to assess and set out the methodology and rationale for adopting a strategy to the research. It further, thus, examines case study design strategy that follows exploratory and explanatory methods and other research worldviews as alternatives in philosophy, approach and in research methodology. In addition, the paper draws out the significance of pragmatism as current practical world thinking that is a better answer to a research study aim, objectives and questions which focus on real-life situations. It argues that the development of a framework for use in the post-construction management of social （public） housing estates in a sustainable manner is needed; and that, using a pragmatic philosophical perspective and approach of worldview through a mixed method （qualitative and quantitative） in a case study design line of inquiry in the research methodology would be a better proposition to adopt in the study. The paper recommends that the issues of sampling, validity, reliability, the relationship between the researcher and the subject and other research quandaries are vital when deciding on an appropriate method.     

178例心源性猝死法医组织病理学诊断分析

目的探讨心源性猝死(SCD)的病理特点与鉴别要点。方法对四川华西法医学鉴定中心2000—2005年尸检出的178例SCD死亡案例进行回顾性分析,主要对其病因、年龄、诱因及病理改变进行分析。结果本组资料显示冠心病、心传导系统病变、心肌炎、心肌病等在SCD中占有较大比例。冠心病猝死是中老年人SCD的最主要原因,青壮年人SCD的病因以非冠心病为主。如传导系统病变、心肌炎、心肌病。在儿童的SCD中先天性心脏病、传导系统病变及心肌炎占主导地位。结论不同的病因,其病理特点不同,其病理变化是法医学鉴定的主要依据。     

Friendship Networks and Delinquency: The Relative Nature of Peer Delinquency

Although acknowledging the importance of adolescent friendships in the etiology of delinquency, prior studies have yet to provide a detailed examination of the role of actual friendship networks in delinquency. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (1995–1996), this study's incorporation of friendship networks allows for a more rigorous conceptualization and measurement of peer delinquency based on carefully defined networks of adolescent friendships. Findings illustrate that friendship networks are very heterogenous in terms of members' participation in delinquent behavior with the majority of adolescents belonging to networks containing both delinquent and non-delinquent friends. In support of differential association's premise that delinquent behavior is influenced by the ratio of definitions favorable to those unfavorable to law violation (Sutherland, 1947), the proportion of delinquent friends in a respondent's network is most strongly associated with respondents' subsequent delinquency. This relative measure of peer delinquency is preferable to a measure of the absolute level of delinquency occurring by friends, the average delinquency committed by friends, or the absolute number of delinquent friends. Enmeshment in a friendship network where consensus about the appropriateness of delinquency is maximized (i.e., all friends are delinquent or non-delinquent) most effectively constrains the behaviors of network members to resemble the groups' behavior.     

Withdrawal of Parental Responsibility: Lost Authority and a Lost Opportunity

This comment examines Re D (Withdrawal of Parental Responsibility), the first reported Court of Appeal decision on withdrawal of parental responsibility pursuant to section 4(2A) of the Children Act 1989. It demonstrates that the Court overlooked earlier Court of Appeal authority, resulting in tension in the Court's guidance. The comment criticises the Court of Appeal's characterisation of parental responsibility as entirely child‐centred and its uncritical acceptance that the child's welfare is the paramount consideration in applications for withdrawal of parental responsibility. It argues that such an approach may not adequately respect the parent's interests in retaining parental responsibility, especially in the context of an order which is more draconian in effect than a care order. The impact upon applications for removal of parental responsibility of the new presumption of parental involvement, which was implemented shortly after the decision in Re D, is also considered.     

差示扫描量热法（DSC）检验塑料绳

目的:对不同厂家的塑料绳进行区分和鉴别。方法:使用功率补偿型差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对五种不同厂家的塑料绳进行分析。结果:可测得每种塑料绳的DSC曲线和熔点温度Tm,熔融峰温Tmp,熔化焓△Hm等热学参数。结论:利用差示扫描量热法可以对型号和颜色相同而厂家不同的塑料绳进行鉴别,该方法为办案过程中塑料绳的检验提供了一种有效技术手段。     

鸡肿瘤病快速鉴别诊断试剂盒的研制及其应用

建立了快速鉴别诊断鸡肿瘤病的PCR技术 ,研制鸡肿瘤病快速鉴别诊断试剂盒。应用该试剂盒在两年多时间里 ,对来源于广西养鸡业发达地区的 13 9个鸡群共 5 0 5只病、死鸡的 15 70份肿瘤及可疑肿瘤组织病料进行了检测 ,马立克氏病、网状内皮增生症和禽白血病的阳性率分别为 74.0 6%、11.49%和 6.73 % ,肿瘤病的混合发生率为 16.83 %。结果表明 ,应用PCR技术建立的鸡肿瘤病快速鉴别诊断试剂盒具有操作简便快捷、结果准确可靠、保存方便等特点 ,不仅适用于临床肿瘤病的鉴别诊断 ,而且对开展肿瘤病的流行病学调查及兽医检疫具有重要意义     

罪刑关系宽和性的当下拓展与重申

作为罪刑关系的一种特性,罪刑关系的宽和性应在刑事一体化的领域得到拓展。若联系刑事理念和刑事实践的最新发展,则罪刑关系的宽和性应在当下拓展出当事人性、可合作性与可暂缓性,并且当事人性、可合作性与可暂缓性在相互渗透和相互说明之中"拱举"着罪刑关系的宽和性。由当事人性、可合作性与可暂缓性来充实的罪刑关系的宽和性是对罪刑关系本身的肯定,不仅有着深刻的人权意义,而且有着基本的刑事政策意义。罪刑关系是刑事法理论的一个制高点。     

ARP-SP基因表达谱芯片对脑损伤的初步研究

目的研究脑挫伤后ARP-SRP基因表达谱差异及其法医学意义。方法从脑组织提取mRNA,应用ARP-SRP-1.0S基因芯片,研究脑挫伤组织与对照脑组织细胞凋亡蛋白和应激反应蛋白相关基因特异性表达差异。结果基因芯片杂交结果中,发现人类溶酶体的胃蛋白酶抑制剂不敏感蛋白酶基因(CLN2)表达水平显著下降。结论CLN2基因与一种婴儿致死性神经变性疾病LINCL有关,但CLN2基因在脑损伤中的作用尚有待进一步研究;基因芯片在研究脑损伤后相关基因的改变具有快速、高通量、高敏度等特点。     

新经济下的双层股权结构:理论证成、实践经验与中国有效治理路径

新世纪以来选择双层股权结构成为新经济公司的一种新趋势。坚持一股一票的传统公司治理理论主要从公司民主、最优表决权结构和代理成本三个方面反对双层股权结构,认为双层股权结构将降低上市公司价值。股东的共同目标是股东利益最大化而非公司民主;最优表决权治理结构是因公司而异多元化的,一股一票虽普遍然非最优;表决权监督机制非唯一治理成本的约束机制,双层股权结构比一股一票更有助于公司关注长期利益和科技创新。从经验研究来看,双层股权结构与上市公司价值并不存在确定的负相关关系,甚至存在正相关关系。契合新经济公司的双层股权结构有助于在“轻资产、重人力资本”的新经济公司中根据合同而非物质资本进行控制权分配,有助于激励创始股东/管理者进行专属人力资本投资,有助于满足新经济公司的特殊治理结构需要。我国科创板已经引入双层股权结构,为实现中国的有效治理,除目前科创板集中于事前治理外,还应强化事中治理和完善事后治理,最终对双层股权结构进行有效治理实现兴“利”除“弊”。