正当性、合理性和现实性——世贸组织法中发展中国家的特殊和差别待遇

在GATT/WTO中争取特殊和差别待遇是发展中国家成员要求建立公平的国际贸易秩序的表现。这种公平的实现是从应有权利到法定权利再到现实权利的权利实践过程。本文分析了影响该权利实践过程和结果的一系列变量,指出发展中国家只有增强自身的参与能力,加强整体的团结,才有可能走向成功的权利实践。WTO应进一步强化规则和纪律,切实保证发达国家成员履行对发展中国家成员的义条,后者才能从特殊和差别待遇中真正受益。     

宽容刑事观下的我国未成年犯保护处分制度检视

对于未成年人犯罪和不良行为,我国并不正式地存在国外通行的保护处分制度,但具有类似的一些基本形式,包含在收容教养、劳动教养、收容教育、强制戒毒、工读学校、非刑处置和行政处罚等制度中。在当代惩罚向矫正发展的历史背景下,基于"刑罚后撤,保护处分前进"的平台,对我国未成年犯保护处分制度作一系统性整合基础上的规范化构建是相当有社会意义的,这种构建可从未成年犯保护处分的定性、类型、司法裁判机关及该制度和前科消灭的关系等方面加以展开,我国未成年犯保护处分需依赖于刑法宽容精神的倡导,惩罚在自我否定意义上成就了宽容刑事观的胜利。     

强制隔离戒毒中心理矫治机制的构建

心理矫治工作在强制隔离戒毒所的各项工作中起着举足轻重的作用,强制隔离戒毒中的心理矫治工作存在着心理矫治无用论、心理矫治与教育矫治等同论和心理矫治能解决一切问题的万能论等误区.我们应依据实现戒毒人员的自我完善、自我成长和自我重建的心理矫治目标,构建合理的强制隔离戒毒心理矫治机制.     

A systems analysis of youth in acute and subacute therapeutic residential care

The Arkansas Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) has reduced the use of therapeutic residential care (e.g., group homes, residential treatment centers) for youth placed in child welfare. Youth in acute or subacute congregate care for 30 or more days without Medicaid now are of particular interest. This is a longer-term psychiatric program, typically 3 to 6 months. The project team conducted a systems analysis to determine the specific characteristics and levels of need for 42 youth so that DCFS can more effectively serve these youth in the least restrictive form of treatment possible.     

和谐警民关系视野下的从优待警研究

在大力提倡构建和谐社会的背景下,构建和谐警民关系是其中的一项重要内容。笔者认为在构建和谐警民关系时我们把更多地精力放在了如何亲民、爱民,想方设法满足百姓的需要上,而忽视了对我们民警自身的关注。因此笔者通过搜集和阅读大量文献资料,并结合实际分析了从优待警的重要性、必要性,从优待警目前存在的问题及产生的原因,并提出了一系列相应的解决对策,希望能为呼吁社会更多地关注民警的工作、生活贡献自身的力量,希望能为构建和谐社会贡献自己的力量。     

对社区戒毒工作的思考及建议——以贵州“阳光工程”为视角简

贵州“阳光工程”社区戒毒的工作模式对吸毒人员就业安置、帮教管理、回归社会等方面进行了积极的探索,取得一定成效,但也存在可持续性发展不足、社区专门禁毒力量不够、社区戒毒专业化服务不足的问题对此,应通过吸引更多企业参与,维持其可持续发展.要注重建设质量,避免急于扩大安置规模通过引入个案管理的方式,做精细化管理.同时加强戒毒专干队伍建设,培育社会公益组织及专业人员.     

谈谈医疗纠纷案件的举证责任——王连玉等诉太原市某医院医疗纠纷案

医疗行业属高风险行业，近年来随着人们维权意识的不断增强，医事纠纷呈逐年上升趋势，已经演化成为社会的热点问题之一。由于医患双方在医学知识掌握上的不平衡，造成了医疗纠纷处理过程中患方举证困难。2002年4月1日起实施的最高人民法院《民事证据规定》第4条第8项明确规定“因医疗行为引起的侵权诉讼，适用举证责任倒置”，即采取过错推定原则，成为医疗赔偿纠纷案件举证责任的一大进步。本文以一起医疗纠纷侵权诉讼为例，深刻剖析了医疗纠纷处理过程中的民事证明责任适用问题。     

Childhood Sexual Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence among Women in Methadone Treatment: A Direct or Mediated Relationship?

Women in substance use treatment report rates of childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence that far exceed those reported by women in the general population. Previous research with nonrandom samples of women in substance use treatment suggests that there is a statistically significant relationship between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence; however, little is known about the mechanisms of risk between these two public health concerns among this population of women. To address this gap in knowledge and to inform intervention strategies, this study examined direct and mediated relationships between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence risk among a random sample of 416 women in methadone treatment. In addition to high rates of childhood sexual abuse (57.9%), intimate partner violence (lifetime prevalence, 89.7%; 6-month prevalence, 78.4%), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD, 28.6%), and global psychological distress (19.5%), findings suggest that the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence is mediated by mental health problems and that women experiencing PTSD or global psychological distress are 2.7 and 2.4 times more likely to experience intimate partner violence than women without such experiences, respectively. Although not a mediator in this relationship, financial independence reduced women's risk of partner violence by two-thirds. The paper includes discussion of social learning and stress and coping theories to explicate the findings and to inform intervention strategies. This study is based, in part, on the first author's dissertation. A previous version of this paper was presented at the Society for Social Work and Research Annual Conference held in January 2005 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The following grants provided funding for this study: R01DA11027 and 3T32MH014623-22S1.     

The Law and Incapacity Determinations: A Conflict of Governance?

This article will consider the highly charged questions raised by two major sets of law reforms in England and Wales, the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and the Mental Health Act 2007, which, although applying to closely related clinical populations, proceeded along entirely separate legislative paths. By justifying its proposals for reform of mental health legislation on the grounds of 'risk', the Government failed to take into account the implications of enforced treatment on patients who may retain decision-making capacity.     

紧急救治权问题研究

《侵权责任法》56条的规定完善了患者的紧急救治权,但是患者知情不同意的情况下,紧急救治行为是否应该进行,还是需要解决的问题。从我国相关法律对紧急救治权的规定及理论研究,国外对紧急救治权的规定及实务处理方面进行研究,继而提出对紧急救治权的完善。