日本《劳动审判法》评析

本文从四个方面对日本《劳动审判法》进行了论述。首先分析了日本制定该法的社会背景,再就该法的主要内容作了简要介绍,然后结合与其他机制的比较对该法的特色进行了归纳,最后就该法存在的主要问题作了一一评析。     

奥运旅游与小额诉讼程序的设立

奥运旅游中的经济纠纷具有数量多、争议数额小、游客时间紧等特点,需要快捷、方便、低廉地解决旅游纠纷的机制。小额诉讼程序特有的机制能够满足上述需要。在奥运旅游期间,设立小额诉讼程序不仅能够有效地维护奥运旅游者的权益,促进奥运旅游市场的规范,同时还能提升奥运旅游目的地的良好形象。在奥运旅游期间设立小额诉讼程序需要在适用范围、审理程序等方面作出新的规定。     

论公安机关对民事纠纷的调处

公安调解是我国一种重要形式的行政调解,然而,它并非是对民事争议的调解,而是以调解为形式的行政行为。根据我国现行法律,公安机关对民事纠纷并无调解权,其主持下当事人达成的调解协议也无强制执行力,这种状况造成了实践中的诸多难题。公安机关应拥有对民事纠纷的法定调解权,并通过调解协议公证或法院备案的方式将其主持下产生调解协议赋予强制执行效力,并在此基础上确认公安调解的人员、编制、经费、程序等配套措施。     

反思与完善:医疗纠纷中的多元法律治理

近些年在医疗卫生领域,医疗纠纷事件多有发生,呈现出明显的违法犯罪化之时代变迁。医疗纠纷多元法律治理有其价值,但从当前实践看,关键问题是"治乱"与"治软",亟需用法治统一理念和方式来强化、协调医疗纠纷的治理机制。根据我国医疗纠纷治理的现实情况,其"手段与功能"的治理模式色彩深厚,其治理效果显著的同时仍然存在一些问题。应当树立法律权威,发挥法律刚性约束力;协调法律机制,实现法律公平正义价值,并推进标本兼治,提升医疗纠纷法律治理的效果。     

论机动车交通事故责任纠纷案件呈上升趋势的成因及对策——以鞍山市铁东区人民法院为例

在鞍山市铁东区人民法院的司法审判实践中,机动车交通事故责任纠纷案件呈逐年增加趋势,该类案件在鞍山市铁东区人民法院民事赔偿类案件中所占的比例越来越大.经统计,近几年我院审理此类诉讼案件数呈逐年上升趋势.为此,本文从鞍山市铁东区人民法院受理的机动车交通事故责任纠纷案件的审理情况入手,对该类案件发生原因进行了深入的研究和探析,并提出相应的对策与建议,以期能够对这一类案件的审理有所助益,从而化解该类案件引发的社会矛盾、保护诉讼当事人的合法权益,促进社会和谐稳定发展.     

行政纠纷的多元化解决机制

由于行政机关系行政纠纷当事人一方、行政权对其他权力的支配性等原因,处理行政纠纷机构的中立性、独立性就成为有效化解行政纠纷的重要因素,为此,应从推进民意表达机制、改进行政复议和行政诉讼制度等五个方面完善或建立行政纠纷的解决机制。     

论中国传统司法的特质及其功能困厄

受制于其赖以存在和运行的特定社会背景和政治文化,中国传统司法被赋予了行政性、调和性及伦理性等典型特质。正是这些特质,决定了中国传统司法之定纷止争、道德教化与社会控制等独特功能及其实现困厄。对此作反思性审视,或对当下司法改革有所裨益。     

FAMILIES,COURTS, AND THE END OF LIFE: SCHIAVO AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE FAMILY JUSTICE SYSTEM

The article discusses a proposed universal adoption of comprehensive family law subject matter jurisdiction, inclusive of end‐of‐life (EOL) cases, as articulated in the unified family court (UFC) concept. It posits, using the Schiavo matter to illustrate the difficulties inherent in EOL disputes, that contested EOL cases are unlike other civil court cases in that they involve intimate facts and emotionally laden family dynamics. As such, these cases pose a distinctive challenge for the courts. The article suggests that contested EOL cases should be heard in a UFC because UFCs include alternative dispute resolution (ADR) protocols to deescalate family strife with the goal of facilitating out‐of‐court settlements and that litigation is an imperfect solution for an EOL dispute. It is also noted that judges presiding in UFCs are more experienced in handling fractious family matters and thus they are more likely to avert protracted litigation if the matter is not settled via ADR.     

世贸组织争端解决机制探析

世界贸易组织的争端解决机制被誉为“WTO对全球经济稳定作出的最独特的贡献”,该机制一直受到广泛关注,它的特点、程序及在这些方面存在的问题是有关专家、学者研究的重点。在中国加入WTO后,由于现实需要,也很有必要对上述机制予以全面、深入的探讨。     

DISPUTES INVOLVING YOUTH STREET GANG MEMBERS: MICRO‐SOCIAL CONTEXTS*

This paper examines microsocial contexts of violent and nonviolent dispute‐related incidents involving gang members. Data consist of reports of field observations of twelve black and eight white youth street gangs in Chicago between 1959 and 1962. Dispute‐related incidents (N = 2,637) were classified according to three primary pretexts: normative or order violations, identity attacks and retaliation. Findings show that disputes associated with each of these generally unfolded consistently with expectations based on the extent to which status concerns were likely to be outweighed by such situational constraints as a close relationship between disputants and audience intervention. We suggest that understanding violence in the gang context will be enhanced greatly by further consideration of the microsocial level of explanation and linkages to its macro‐ and individual‐level counterparts.