世贸组织争端解决机制探析

世界贸易组织的争端解决机制被誉为“WTO对全球经济稳定作出的最独特的贡献”,该机制一直受到广泛关注,它的特点、程序及在这些方面存在的问题是有关专家、学者研究的重点。在中国加入WTO后,由于现实需要,也很有必要对上述机制予以全面、深入的探讨。     

DISPUTES INVOLVING YOUTH STREET GANG MEMBERS: MICRO‐SOCIAL CONTEXTS*

This paper examines microsocial contexts of violent and nonviolent dispute‐related incidents involving gang members. Data consist of reports of field observations of twelve black and eight white youth street gangs in Chicago between 1959 and 1962. Dispute‐related incidents (N = 2,637) were classified according to three primary pretexts: normative or order violations, identity attacks and retaliation. Findings show that disputes associated with each of these generally unfolded consistently with expectations based on the extent to which status concerns were likely to be outweighed by such situational constraints as a close relationship between disputants and audience intervention. We suggest that understanding violence in the gang context will be enhanced greatly by further consideration of the microsocial level of explanation and linkages to its macro‐ and individual‐level counterparts.     

和谐社会下仲裁的优势

我国社会多元化的利益冲突和复杂的纠纷类型迫切要求纠纷解决机制的多元化,仲裁作为一种重要的纠纷解决方式,其自主性契合和谐社会民主法治的法律意蕴,保密性契合和谐社会安定有序的法律意蕴,公正性契合和谐社会公平正义的法律意蕴,具有解决纠纷的多种优势。     

GATT/WTO下的环境——贸易争端评析

随着国际环境法的发展 ,GATT/WTO受理的环境———贸易争端呈现出三个阶段的变化。发达国家扩展其国内环境法的域外效力而与致力于经济目标的发展中国家产生贸易冲突 ,使这类争端日益增多 ;GATT/WTO争端解决机构适用法律时逐渐接受环保理念 ;争端解决机制通过一系列改革逐步提高了处理环境与贸易交叉问题的能力。但是 ,GATT/WTO的贸易法原则和贸易争端解决机制决定了它不可能成为解决环境———贸易争端的理想机制。     

The Conditional Effectiveness of Directive Mediation

ABSTRACT

This research re-examines the effectiveness of directive mediation in interstate rivalries. To do so, highlighting the importance of disputants’ willingness for successful directive mediation, this study identifies four conditions that affect the levels of disputants’ willingness to engage in mediation talks and proposes that the presence of such conditions improves or worsens the efficacy of directive strategies. We expect heavy-handed mediators will be less effective in a dispute involving highly interdependent or power-imbalanced rivalries while directive mediation performs poorly when it is led by unbiased mediators or when it is employed for long-running rivals. Our empirical findings, based on two existing rivalry datasets, suggest that directive mediation fares well when mediators are biased, when rivals are power-balanced, and when rivalries are protracted, and that the efficacy of directive mediation improves in disputes involving highly interdependent strategic rivals but decreases in the cases between highly interdependent general rivals.     

民族地区山林权纠纷治理的法治进路——基于广西N县的实证分析

随着山林地及林产品的大幅升值,民族地区群众因争夺山林地爆发冲突的情况不断增多。通过对广西N县山林纠纷的考察,山林权纠纷产生有着历史、宗族、经济方面的原因,且在纠纷治理上存在着调处队伍建设滞后、司法解决不被群众认可、存在外部干预及群众法律意识不强等问题。作为治理方案,应加快构建山林纠纷长效调处工作机制、加大调处力度,重视民族习惯法运用,加大法制宣传力度等多种方式,将民族地区山林纠纷治理纳入法治轨道,构筑法治化的纠纷治理解决机制。     

司法政策与监管政策的竞争——基于信用卡纠纷裁判的观察

政策对司法裁判产生实然的影响,当司法政策与监管政策发生竞争时,作为裁判者的地方法院面临选择困境。信用卡民事纠纷实证研究表明,法院对费率限定的司法政策与费率约定监管政策的认同基本抗衡并受到政策解释路径的影响。改进政策在技术层面的适用,应发挥抽象规则的威慑力,关注政策可能的不利后果,加强个案裁判说理论证。而从根本上化解政策竞争,需要建立司法权与监管权协调机制。一方面,加强职能履行过程的协调,适用法律对政策竞争予以解释,运用消极司法审查发挥个案裁判灵活性;另一方面,加强政策制定程序的协调,横向上明确规范性文件征求意见程序,纵向上完善规范性文件备案审查程序,从而超越政策竞争,实现协同治理。     

民事纠纷可诉性问题研究

纠纷可诉性范围的确定直接决定一国审判权的界限,也是国民享有诉权的基础.但在分析和建构一国审判权的界限时,并不能将英美或欧陆的模式简单复制.综合考虑司法的本质属性、一国宪政发展的现实,并分析司法权在国家权力结构中的地位,从而确定纠纷可诉性范围是一种较为现实的进路.而立法者在确定纠纷可诉性范围时,实质也是基于国家利益立场所进行的.因此,在我国,尽管尽量扩大纠纷解决的范围应是确定纠纷可诉性问题的原则,但在具体问题上却需持谨慎裁量态度.     

试论中国社会中非常规纠纷的解决机制

Irregular disputes involving a certain community presented in the form of special maneuver and confrontation are noticeable social phenomena in China today. The issues related to irregular disputes and their settlement mechanism have transcended the professional and technical categories of regular judicial settlement, typically reflecting the profound background of political, legal and social development in China. To achieve the goal of social harmony, an extensive mobilization and utilization of political, judicial and various social resources in effectively dealing with this kind of social disputes is the key to enhancing China’s capability in controlling and resolving social disputes. Gu Peidong is a professor and doctoral supervisor, devoted to researches on the relationship of law and economy, judicial reform and judicial practice. His publications include over 20 monographs on law and economics independently or in collaboration with other authors, among which the Social Conflicts and Mechanism of Lawsuits is most popular in the Chinese academic circle, and his more than 100 thesis were released in the first-class law journals. In addition, Professor Gu was listed to the Top 10 Young Jurists in China (1995).     

法律交融中的国际贸易行政诉讼

国际贸易行政诉讼是在国际法与国内法交融、公法与私法交融过程中生成的行政诉讼特殊类型。在我国法制语境中,国际贸易行政诉讼是指在WTO制度的框架下,人民法院依法审理国际贸易行政案件并做出裁决,以保障和补救受损方国际贸易权益的具有专项性、涉外性与国际性的诉讼活动与制度。国际贸易行政诉讼具有特定的制度结构、主体结构与利益结构。考察其影响,它具有国际法定义务履行功能、国际贸易行政争端解决功能、国际贸易权益救济等复合功能。