ASSESSING MUTUAL PARTNER-ABUSE CLAIMS IN CHILD CUSTODY AND ACCESS CASES

This article explores issues associated with mutual claims of domestic violence in the context of research on gender and violence, and in the context of litigation tactics commonly employed by perpetrators in child custody and access cases. Quotations from parents involved in such cases illustrate why accurate assessment of mutual cliams requires complete information about social context and the analysis of patterns of domination, power and control in the relationship over time. Recent developments in Canadian law ought to enhance the ability of judges to take such evidence into account. The article aims to provide a lens through which to understand and assess such cases.     

中国实行扩大内需政策的国际经济背景与影响

中国之所以实行扩大内需政策并使其长期化 ,与中国经济发展外需依存度高 ,而国际经济环境趋于严峻又导致外需大幅波动直接相关。近年导致中国外需大幅波动的国际经济背景包括东亚金融危机、美国经济减速和日本经济衰退等方面。为化解外需波动的消极影响 ,中国从 1998年起实行了以积极财政政策和稳健货币政策为核心的扩大内需政策并取得了显著效果 ,不仅对保持中国经济的持续快速增长产生了重要作用 ,而且也对全球尤其是区域经济发展做出了巨大贡献 ,包括缓解东亚金融危机、加速东亚经济回升和减缓全球经济衰退。     

建立中国同一的海上运输法律体系

本文在分析中国目前在国内沿海运输和国际海上运输(特别是在海上货物运输方面)所实行的法律制度还没有统一的现状和原因的基础上,指出中国建立同一的海上运输法律体系,基础已经具备,条件也趋于成熟,势在必行;同时,对如何建立中国同一的海上运输法律体系,提出了具体的意见和建议。     

浅论文化消费的正负效益及其引导

文化消费具有正效益和负效益。正效益包括 :公共文化消费所形成的主体价值观的树立和普及、社会行为的合作与协调、社会生活福利的提高 ;企业文化消费带来的经济效益 ;个人文化消费形成人力资本所带来的经济增长。负效益主要表现在 :不健康的文化消费对消费者的思想观念、价值观念、消费观念所造成的不良影响。因此 ,政府应对文化消费加强引导和调控,一要提高对发展科学技术与文化教育重要性的认识 ,增加其投入比例 ;二要优化消费结构 ,提高消费质量。     

论假日经济及其健康发展的有效途径

假日经济作为经济发展的新的增长点,为拓宽消费市场,刺激居民消费,推动相关产业、行业的发展起到了积极的作用。要通过完善市场机制、规范市场管理、加快相关产业发展和基础设施的建设步伐,为假日经济的可持续发展创造良好的空间。     

西部投资法律制度之缺陷与完善略论

西部大开发所面临的主要问题是投资问题 ,国家投资不足、民间投资总量少且效益低是制约西部社会经济发展的主要因素。西部投资法律制度由国家与西部各地有关西部国内投资的法律制度和外商投资的法律制度组成 ,它们均存在不利于西部发展的重要缺陷。作者提出了完善西部国内民间投资、外商投资和国家公共投资三方面法律制度的价值取向与基本措施。     

Poverty Among Small Farmers Under Frei and Pinochet, 1968–1986

Abstract — This paper draws on the results of a nation-wide panel study of small farm households interviewed in 1968 and 1986 to complement accounts of Chile's economic performance under the governments of President Frei (1964–1970) and General Pinochet (1973–1989). It is shown that in contrast to macroeconomic trends of increased inequality and impoverishment after 1973, the incidence of poverty in the sample declined slightly but significantly over the period. The result is robust both to the choice of poverty index and poverty line. It is all the more striking because the sample represented the poorest group in Chile during the 1960s. Nevertheless, the incidence of poverty in the sample remained extremely high. In 1967–1968, more than three-quarters of households could not meet their basic needs, while in 1985–1986 this proportion reached nearly two thirds. The fall in poverty may be attributed to a combination of increased coverage of the rural areas by targeted welfare programmes and the effects of the life cycle in increasing the proportion of panel household members eligible for, and dependent on public transfers between 1968 and 1986.     

An Exploratory Study of Emotional Intelligence and Domestic Abuse

To date, there is no literature specifically addressing the relationship between spousal battering and emotional intelligence, a concept that captures the success, or lack thereof, of a person's functioning in their immediate environment. Forty-four men convicted of spousal assault and 76 undergraduate students completed the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i; R. Bar-On, BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory: User's Manual, Multi-Health Systems, Inc., Toronto, 1997), the Propensity for Abusiveness Scale (PAS; D. G. Dutton, J. Fam. Violence 10(2): 203–221, 1995), and the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (D. Paulhus, J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 46: 598–609, 1984; Assessing Self-Deception and Impression Management in Self-Reports: The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, Unpublished manual, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, 1988; In Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 17–59, 1991). Results of this exploratory study indicate that batterers score significantly lower than the general population on all components of EQ-i. Additionally EQ-i total and subscale scores for both samples correlate negatively and significantly with scores on PAS, suggesting that deficits in various components of emotional intelligence are related to an increase in the propensity to be abusive. Implications for batterer treatment are discussed.     

Preventing relapse versus “stopping” domestic violence: Do we expect too much too soon from battering men?

Given the deeply entrenched habit patterns that characterize domestic violence, the author questions the enormous demands for change that are immediately placed on both abusive men and the clinicians treating them. Battering men are not only required to abruptly and permanently halt overt physical violence, but they are also expected to stop all expressions of dominance and intimidation, and to abandon all their exploitative attitudes and sex-role expectations as well. While it is feasible and necessary to insist upon the cessation of physical violence in order to protect the spouse and family, to what degree can the clinician also demand a total revolution in the abusive male's attitudes, social behavior, and values? To better demonstrate the excessivity of these demands, the author makes a comparison to the treatment of substance abusers, where the features of relapse and enduring cognitive distortions are expected and permitted as part of the normal extended course of recovery. Instead, the author proposes a more realistic and humanitarian set of therapeutic expectations for change, emphasizing relapse prevention and supportive maintenance.     

Battered Women and the Criminal Justice System: The Service Providers' Perspective

This article reports on a study of the service providers' perspective on what battered women face when entering the criminal justice system. Victim non-co-operation with the system can manifest itself in various ways and at several points in the process. The article begins with a review of the available literature on the criminal justice system's responses to women battering. Then the experiences and perceptions of service providers in Ohio concerning these responses are described, and, consequently, the findings according to factors which may affect service providers responses are analyzed. The article concludes with an assessment of the policy implications of the system's response to women battering.