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851.
Bradley K. Tom M.S. Mikko T. Koskinen Ph.D. Melody Dayton M.S. Anna‐Maria Mattila M.S. Eric Johnston M.S. Dennis Fantin Ph.D. Sue DeNise Ph.D. Theresa Spear M.S. David Glenn Smith Ph.D. Jessica Satkoski Ph.D. Bruce Budowle Ph.D. Sree Kanthaswamy Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(3):597-604
Abstract: Despite the popularity of dogs in US households, canine DNA evidence remains largely untapped in forensic investigations partially because of the absence of well‐defined forensic short tandem repeats (STRs), lack of standardized and validated PCR protocols, STR reagent kits, and poorly developed nomenclature. A nomenclature system was established based on internationally recognized recommendations for human forensic STRs for a recently developed canine STR reagent kit. Representative alleles were sequenced from each of the 18 STRs and the sex‐typing marker included in the kit. This study also reflects on the impact of point mutations, insertions, and deletions within and outside the STR core repeat structures. An understanding of the STRs’ sequence and repeat structures will enable development of a robust and reliable allele nomenclature and improve the accuracy and precision of allele fragment sizing in canine forensic profiling. The expected allele sizes have been calculated, and their repeat stuctures defined based on sequence information. 相似文献
852.
Robert J. Morton M.S. Carlo P. Campobasso M.D. Ph.D. James J. McNamara M.S. Massimo Colonna M.D. Felice Carabellese M.D. Ignazio Grattagliano Psy.D. Roberto Catanesi M.D. Jennifer M. Lawrence M.A. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(4):1111-1115
Abstract: There have been few documented comparisons of serial murder cases committed in the United States with cases occurring internationally. The authors contrasted two unique serial murder series: one in Italy and one in the United States by examining the details of both series, including the M.O., motivation, crime scene interactions, sexual acts performed, and the general backgrounds of both offenders. The comparison revealed a number of similarities. Both offenders specifically targeted elderly women, who were attacked in their residences. The two series involved sexually motivated crimes, although the sexual interactions were different. Both offenders stole objects from their victims after the murders and each kept newspaper accounts of their crimes. In addition, both offenders claimed to have abusive upbringings, including sexual abuse. 相似文献
853.
Hanna Putkonen M.D. Ph.D. Ghitta Weizmann‐Henelius Ph.D. Eila Repo‐Tiihonen M.D. Ph.D. Nina Lindberg M.D. Ph.D. Tuula Saarela M.D. Ph.D. Markku Eronen M.D. Ph.D. Helinä Häkkänen‐Nyholm Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(6):1552-1556
Abstract: With populations aging there have been some concerns on elderly offending. We compared elderly homicide offenders with a younger comparison group with special emphasis on psychopathy. We analyzed nationwide register‐based material on all homicide offenders aged 60 or older who were in a forensic psychiatric examination in Finland 1995–2004 and their gender‐matched comparison group of younger homicide offenders. The offenders 60 years or older were diagnosed less often than the younger ones with drug dependence and personality disorders and more often with dementia and physical illnesses. The mean Psychopathy Checklist—Revised total scores as well as factor and facet scores were lower in the 60 or older age group. The group 60 years or older had significantly lower scores on eight individual items of social deviance. The interpersonal/affective factor 1 scores did not differ. Understanding the possible underlying phenomena of violent behavior may provide help for developing services for the elderly. 相似文献
854.
Jia Hao 《Frontiers of Law in China》2010,5(2):302-318
Domestic violence, as its great harm to family members and family relationship, is one of the important issues to be tackled
by family law. In this regard, China’s Marriage Law mainly adopts non-litigation measures, including dissuasion and curb of
perpetrators, mediation for the parties concerned and imposition of administrative punishment. From the legal techniques in
family resource sharing, the diversity of interests within a family, the complexity of family relationships and the privacy
of family determine the non-antagonistic, nonlinear and non-proactive measures for adjusting family relationship. Further,
in the principle of “family priority based on personal independence” and with the prerequisites of the prevention framework
set up in the Marriage Law, it is suggested to make restrictive provisions on parental rights in protecting the minors, fully
utilize the current civil mediation system to settle family disputes, and set up a system of “personal protection and behavioral
correction.” 相似文献
855.
Zoe Brereton 《国际比较与应用刑事审判杂志》2017,41(1-2):41-62
ABSTRACTDespite public outrage over our global “rape culture,” sexual offences continue to be characterised by low levels of reporting, prosecution, and conviction in many countries. Attrition rates for sexual assault internationally, although varying in pattern, are consistently high. As a signatory to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women (DEVAW), the Indian Government acknowledges the need to afford better protection to victims of gender violence. Assessing the effect of rape law reform in India, using crime statistics and a survey of recent judgments from the Delhi District Courts, the author argues that the legislature has failed systematically to address the many injustices experienced by women who allege rape. The Indian Parliament responding to the moral panic generated by the Delhi gang rape case with knee-jerk reforms, focused mainly on increasing penalties, maintaining an outmoded view of rape as a crime against morality rather than as a violation of gender rights and human rights. By closely investigating the sociocultural context in which sexual crimes against women occur in India, the author reveals that India’s “cultural” arguments for rejecting further reform (such as repeal of the marital rape immunity) are merely entrenched gender biases, bearing strong parallels to nineteenth century English common law perceptions of women who allege rape as a class of false complainants. 相似文献
856.
Deaths Due to Child Abuse: A 6‐Year Review of Cases in The Cook County Medical Examiner's Office
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Serenella Serinelli M.D. Ponni Arunkumar M.D. James A. Filkins M.D. J.D. Ph.D. Lorenzo Gitto M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(1):107-118
Case files from the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office from 2007 to 2012 were reviewed to analyze homicides due to physical child abuse in children <3 years old. Fatal cases mostly involved younger subjects. Intracranial injuries were the leading cause of death, while death due to extracranial injuries was uncommon. Eyes were involved in most of the cases. Spinal cord was involved in about 1/3 of the cases, mostly in the thoracic area. In some cases, previous injuries were present. There were significant differences in the pattern of injuries between age groups. Subjects showing signs of impact to the head and subjects with no evidence of an impact showed no significant difference in internal injuries. The association of multiple injuries is highly suggestive of child abuse. In suspected child abuse, a postmortem examination including neuropathological, ophthalmological, and radiological information should be always evaluated, together with investigative reports and the medical history. 相似文献
857.
Evaluation of Non‐Natural Deaths among Veterans: New Mexico Medical Examiner‐Investigated Deaths, 2002–2011
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Melissa R. LeBlanc M.D. Camille P. Clifford B.S. Sarah L. Lathrop D.V.M. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(3):668-673
While it is recognized that veterans have increased rates of depression, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicide, and substance use disorders, rates of homicide and unintentional injury deaths in veterans have been minimally investigated. We evaluated all non‐natural deaths in New Mexico veterans between 2002 and 2011 in comparison with non‐natural deaths among non‐veterans. We reviewed all decedents in New Mexico with a history of military service and investigated by the medical examiner, excluding natural deaths and deaths due to fall from standing height. The most common manner of death was unintentional injury (62%), most of these deaths due to motor vehicle accidents (29%) followed by unintentional overdose (26%). Suicide rates among veterans were consistently higher than the general population. The most common mechanism of suicide in men was gunshot wound (72%), and intentional overdose in women (49%). Services are needed for veterans that are tailored to all ages and both sexes. 相似文献
858.
Krista?Lisdahl?MedinaEmail author John?Schafer Paula?K.?Shear Tisha?Gangopadhyay?Armstrong 《Journal of family violence》2004,19(6):379-389
There is strong evidence that men and women do not agree about the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, few studies to date have attempted to test explanatory models of violence concordance. One possible mechanism underlying disagreement is cognitive impairment, specifically, memory dysfunction. The principal goal of this study is to test whether memory ability and overall cognitive functioning is related to disagreement about the most recent occurrence of IPV within the dyad. Data were collected from both partners of cohabiting or married couples. The male partners were polysubstance abusers within their first year of abstinence. Results indicate that the men and womens memory ability, problem solving, disinhibition, and verbal ability are significantly related to disagreement about the most recent IPV episode. Thus, cognitive ability, particularly memory ability, of the participants should be considered when assessing the accuracy of measuring IPV among individuals diagnosed with polysubstance abuse. Other implications are discussed.1Portions of this paper were presented at the 128th annual meeting of the American Public Health Association (2000). 相似文献
859.
Corrie?A.?Davies David?DiLilloEmail author Isaac?G.?Martinez 《Journal of family violence》2004,19(6):369-377
This study examined the relationship between childhood exposure to parental violence and adult psychological functioning in a sample of predominantly Mexican American participants. Questionnaires assessing childhood maltreatment, family environment, and current psychological symptomatology were completed by 142 female undergraduates. Findings revealed that witnessing parental violence in childhood was associated with depressive symptoms, low self-esteem, and trauma symptoms in adulthood, even after controlling for child physical and sexual abuse. However, in subsequent analyses, also controlling for levels of nonphysical family conflict, previous associations between exposure to parental violence and adult symptomatology were reduced, such that trauma-related symptoms remained the sole outcome still predicted by a history of witnessing parental violence. Implications of these findings, issues related to the use of statistical control procedures in abuse effects research, and directions for future investigation are discussed. 相似文献
860.
Little research has been conducted to validate available instruments for assessing the risk of domestic violence reoffending, especially research using some form of prospective design. This study uses a prospective design to determine the reliability and validity of the Domestic Violence Screening Instrument (DVSI). The analysis is based on a sample of 1,465 male domestic violence offenders selected consecutively over a 9-month period. Data on reoffending were collected in a 6-month follow-up period from a subsample of the victims (N = 125) of these perpetrators and from official records for all perpetrators during an 18-month follow-up period. The empirical results suggest that the DVSI was administered reliably, and they provide significant evidence of the concurrent, discriminant, and predictive validity of this instrument. Implications for further research and utilization of the DVSI are discussed. 相似文献