Egg freezing and egg banking: empowerment and alienation in assisted?reproduction

With the development of rapid freezing of human oocytes, many programs have reported IVF success rates comparable to those achieved with fresh eggs and thawed frozen embryos. Egg freezing is now gaining professional and regulatory acceptance as a safe and effective technique for women who wish to avoid discarding excess embryos, who face fertility-threatening medical treatments, or who want to preserve their eggs for use when they are better situated to have a family. This article focuses on the uses of and justification for egg freezing, the path to professional acceptance, the variability in success rates, and the controversy over freezing eggs for social rather than medical reasons. It also addresses the emergence of egg banking as a separate sector in the infertility industry, the regulatory issues that it poses, and its effect on egg donation. Key here is the legal control of stored eggs by banking women and their options when they wish to dispose of those eggs. The analysis is framed around empowerment and alienation. Egg freezing is generally empowering for women, but the donation or sale of unused eggs to infertile women, egg bankers, and researchers also raises issues of alienation.     

Eggs on Ice: Imaginaries of Eggs and Cryopreservation in Denmark

While Denmark is widely known as a global exporter of cryopreserved sperm, Danish women’s eggs face a very different fate. This paper combines legal and rhetorical analyses with the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries. In establishing the genealogy of the sociotechnical imaginaries that shaped Danish regulation of the cryopreservation of eggs, we analyse the relevant Acts, Bills, preparatory work, and readings in Parliament, along with the concurrent public and ethical debates that over time relaxed the legal limit for the cryopreservation of eggs to the current five years and today continue to ignite discussions on elective egg freezing. We rely on welfare-state perspectives to discuss why reproduction, in the Danish context, is seen as a legitimate and appropriate sphere to regulate, and we turn to feminist theorizing to discuss the gendered implications captured in the sociotechnical imaginaries of the “Moral State”, “technologies to be tamed”, “the nuclear family”, and “technology as equality and hope”. We end by discussing how an interdisciplinary approach enriches our understanding of the legal, cultural, and political entanglements related to putting eggs on ice.     

胶体金快速诊断方法对鸡减蛋综合征病毒的检测

选择15 nm的胶体金颗粒作为标记物,制备了鸡减蛋综合征病毒(EDSV)胶体金试纸条。该试纸条能检出浓度约为1.35μg/mL的纯化EDSV,用该试纸条检测135份临床样本,并与HA方法相比较,结果显示,二者的阳性符合率为89.8%。特异性试验结果显示,与鸡新城疫病毒(NDV)、鸡传染性腔上囊病病毒(IBDV)、鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)无交叉反应。表明,该试纸条用于检测EDSV具有快速、操作简便、特异性强等优点,可用于大批量抗原样本的检测。     

产蛋下降综合征病毒PCR检测方法的建立

根据已报道的腺病毒DNA序列 ,设计合成了 1对核苷酸引物 ,引物间隔约 63 0bp。用该引物对EDS76病毒内蒙古分离株 (N3 ,N4 )和参考株 (AV 1 2 7)核酸进行聚合酶链式反应 (PCR)。结果 ,均扩增出了约 63 0bp的特异性DNA片段。所建立的PCR方法可检出 1 0 0pg的样品模板。结果表明 ,此PCR方法是检测EDS76病毒的一种简便快速、特异性强和灵敏度高的方法     

鸭黄病毒AH01株的分离与鉴定

为查明2010年10月以来安徽望江等地的蛋鸭相继暴发的以产蛋量大幅下降为特征的传染病的病因,进行了病毒分离、特异性目的基因片段扩增和动物回归试验。结果显示,分离毒(命名为AH01株)能致死鸭胚和鸡胚,不具有血凝性。对病料和接毒鸭胚尿囊液进行RT-PCR,可扩增出基因片段,其核苷酸序列与鸭黄病毒BYD-1株的相似性为94.1%。用鸭胚分离毒接种300日龄蛋鸭,能够复制出产蛋量下降病例。分析表明,分离毒为鸭黄病毒,该病毒是引起此次鸭病疫情的病原。     

The Impact of Freezing on Bone Mineral Density: Implications for Forensic Research

It is common for researchers using animal or human remains for scientific study to freeze samples prior to use. However, effects of freezing on bone macro‐ or microstructure are relatively unknown. The research objective of this study was to determine whether freezing could potentially bias experimental results by analyzing changes in bone mineral density (BMD) with the freezing of remains over time. Eight fetal pigs were scanned to determine their initial BMD before freezing. Three piglets underwent a freeze‐thaw cycle to assess the effects of the freezing process. Four piglets were frozen and scanned weekly for 20 weeks to assess freezing over time. The overall average between the fresh initial scan and final frozen scan was significantly different (p < 0.001). Per contra, the final thawed BMD scans did not differ from the initial fresh scan (p = 0.418). Thus, completely thawed remains are recommended for experimental studies.     

毛圆科线虫对苯并咪唑类药物的抗药性

采用虫卵孵化试验对乌鲁木齐地区四个羊场饲养的羊感染的毛圆科线虫对苯并咪唑类药物的抗药性进行了检测.结果显示,两个南山羊场的虫卵孵化半数抑制度(ED50)分别为0.002和0.050μg/mL,两个屠宰场育肥羊场的ED50分别为0.270和0.293μg/mL,屠宰场育肥羊场的ED50远大于世界兽医寄生虫学促进协会推荐的0.100μg/mL.结果表明,该地区羊场存在抗苯并咪唑类药物的毛圆科线虫,而且抗药性程度较为严重.     

论刑事查封、扣押与冻结中的权利保护

查封、扣押与冻结是刑事诉讼中对涉案款物采取的强制性措施,其在保全证据、保障刑事诉讼顺利进行,确保刑罚执行,并预防新的犯罪等方面,都发挥着重要的作用。然而,国家司法机关行使这一权力的过程中,必然会＂侵害＂到相对方的权利。因此,对刑事查封、扣押与冻结过程中的权利进行保护,规制国家公权力的运行十分必要。本文从刑事查封、扣押与冻结中的权利分析入手,梳理刑事查封、扣押与冻结的含义,总结其行使过程中涉及的权利特点,论述对权利进行保护的必要性,并提出保护的措施建议。     

自侦案件扣押冻结款物管理问题探析

由于权限设定和程序操作不够规范,检察机关扣押、冻结款物过程中存在一系列实践问题。究其原因,既有立法规定过简的因素,也有明显的利益驱动问题。因此,执法规范化管理有待于进一步加强,有必要将扣押款的管理全程纳入监督范围,及时规范初查阶段违法犯罪款物的程序处理措施,强调扣押款物处理的及时性。     

应用低离子强度溶液提高血痕MN血型测定的灵敏度

应用低离子强度溶液能提高凝集试验的灵敏度。本实验采用低离子强度溶液及蛋清薄膜固定解离法对保存1～6年的258份血痕进行MN血型盲测。结果总正确率94.57％。证明应用低离子强度溶液解离法的灵敏度明显优于盐水解离法。