Livelihood strategies and performance of Ghana's health and education sectors: exploring the connections

The public sector in Africa is riddled with widespread ineffectiveness. Although some countries have implemented various reform programmes with the support of international development agencies, the results so far have been disappointing. One reason for the failure is that the policies have focussed more on achieving macroeconomic stability than making the organisations effective. This article explores a fundamental problem of the policies—the need to focus on the human component of organisational performance. Using education and health organisations in Ghana as examples, the article advances a hypothesis that the livelihood strategies of public sector employees and the performance of their organisations are interconnected. Specifically, it is argued that as public sector employees have become more dependent on multiple sources of income, they have developed multiple social identities, which influence the culture of their organisations. The organisational culture may have encouraged employee effectiveness in some cases, but for most organisations, it has resulted in practices that perpetuate inefficiency and poor performance. To be successful, public sector reform policies must therefore involve deliberate efforts to change organisational cultures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

山西劳动力资源、就业与失业人口现状及发展预测

劳动力资源是社会再生产的必要条件,其变化特点和被利用状况对经济社会发展产生着直接影响。20世纪80年代以来,山西劳动力资源比重持续增长,就业增长率显著下降,失业率明显上升。预计2000年~2010年,劳动力供给和就业还将面临就业容量有限、经济结构不合理、就业渠道狭窄、城镇化建设滞后等严峻挑战。2020年后,全省劳动力供需矛盾将有所缓解。     

浅析公民参与和公共管理的实现

公民参与是公民试图影响公共政策和公共生活的一切活动。它是现代公共管理不可或缺的重要环节,是促使公共部门实现其公共责任和良好治理的一个重要手段。广泛的公民参与是国家民主政治建设的重要内容,也是公共政策制定的基石。因此,要采取一些积极的措施,为公民参与扫清障碍,拓宽公民参与的途径。     

非营利组织参与公共政策的探讨

公民的政策参与是现代的公共政策的基石。尤其是非营利组织兴起以来,这种参与由公民的个体参与转变为组织性的活动。非营利组织在公共政策的制定过程中也越来越占据重要地位,虽然它本身还有很多局限性。作为公共政策的制定者——政府,应该积极主动的为非营利组织的发展创造良好的环境,并主动吸取非营利组织参与政策制定。     

参与性农村评估在民族调查中的意义及运用 --以云南中甸形朵村为例

通过介绍参与性农村评估的理论,并结合在民族调查中的实际运用,描述了参与性农村评估在民族调查中的具体运作,分析了参与性农村评估在民族调查中的优势和不足,为民族调查提供了一个新的视角.     

The dilemmas of pursuing ‘throughput legitimacy’ through participatory mechanisms

Under pressure to open up the ‘black box’ of governance, technocratic bodies are increasingly seeking to include civil society participation in the policy process. This article draws on empirical cases from the European Commission and NHS England to assess the extent to which the participatory mechanisms pursued by these institutions have been successful in eliciting ‘throughput legitimacy’. It is shown that though these mechanisms have taken very different forms – the former a classic instance of ‘window dressing’ participation, the latter closer to ‘best practice’ in this field – they nevertheless share a number of ongoing vulnerabilities. The article outlines the shared organisational, operational and existential dilemmas that technocratic bodies face when eliciting civil society participation, and highlight their reliance on backstage negotiation to sustain stakeholder buy-in. It concludes by highlighting the prospect that the pursuit of throughput legitimacy for technocratic bodies entails inherent limitations and contradictions.     

工会参与社会建设的机制研究

中国工会作为党联系职工群众的桥梁纽带,在社会建设中的作用是任何社会组织不可替代的。工会必须构建并不断完善宏观参与机制、维护职工权益工作机制、长效化的职工服务机制、职工群体性突发性事件预防应急机制、职工舆情引导和疏导机制,才能充分释放参与社会建设的潜力,更好地发挥组织职工、引导职工、服务职工和维护职工合法权益的重要作用。     

让员工不再沉默——基于职工民主管理的视角

员工沉默使得信息被过滤和扭曲,影响组织决策质量、纠错及创新能力,引发员工工作倦怠和低工作满意度。而职工民主管理的理念和举措,缩小了组织权力差距、保护了少数派、增进了组织信任和员工满意度,能够有效地消减员工沉默行为。     

网络舆情语境下提升民主党派基层组织参政议政能力的路径思考

当前,网络舆情在给我国民主党派基层组织参政议政带来机遇的同时,其突发性、偏差性、繁杂性等特性对民主党派基层组织的应急能力、政治智慧、实战水平等方面提出了严骏挑战,这就要求各民主党派基层组织应当勇于抓住网络舆情对参政议政带来的良好机遇,努力适应当前网络舆情发展的新形势,积极借助网络平台,时刻关注舆情讯息,充分汲取网络民意,深入开展网络调查与监督,着力提升参政议政能力。     

浅析工会参政特色及价值

工会参政的特色及价值在于反映广大职工群众对改革、发展、民生等相关问题立法、决策的态度与呼声。广大职工群众对相关立法、决策的态度是衡量其对错的标志,是使其减少失误,更趋完善的力量。