Conclusion: agency,context and emergent post-uprising regimes

This conclusion summarizes the evidence explaining the divergent trajectories taken by post Arab uprising states in terms of multiple variables, each illustrated by an iconic case, namely: State Failure and Competitive governance (Syria), Regime Restoration and Hybrid Governance (Egypt) and Polyarchic Governance (Tunisia). Factors include the starting point: levels of opposition mobilization and regimes' resilience – a function of their patrimonial-bureaucratic balance; whether or not a transition coalition forms is crucial for democratization prospects. Context also matters for democratization, particularly political economic factors, such as a balance of class power and a productive economy; political culture (level of societal identity cleavages) and a minimum of international intervention. Finally, the balance of agency between democracy movements, Islamists, the military and workers shapes democratization prospects.     

Ethnicity and Religion in the Archipelago of San Andrés,Providencia and Santa Catalina

Moving between historic reconstruction and ethnographic data, this article analyses the close relationship existing between memory, religion and ethnicity in the case of the Raizal people of the islands of San Andrés and Providencia (in Colombia's Western Caribbean). The dual colonial history of the islands and the peculiar modalities of the emergence of Creole society there, which is closely related to the establishment of the Baptist Church in a context of relative isolation, contributed decisively to defining the current political demands of the Raizal ethnic movements.     

我国环境税建设之我见

文章认为我国环境税建设应在现有税制政策基础上进行改革,并对资源税、消费税、车船税、城建税、城镇土地使用税、耕地占用税及排污费制度提出具体的改革思路,最后对我国环境税建设应坚持稳步推进的原则,应建立健全专款专用制度并加强部门合作提出三点建议。     

大城市郊区新农村发展模式初探——上海市松江区泖港镇新农村建设经验调研报告

该文总结了上海市松江区泖港镇不倚仗工业闯出新农村发展道路的基本做法和经验,提出保护农业首先要保护环境,发展农业首先要反哺农业,服务农民首先要解放农民,建设农村不能过度依赖工业等建议。     

From ‘Green Laggard’ to Regional Leader: Explaining the Recent Development of Environmental Policy in Chile

Environmental policy in Chile has developed rapidly in recent years, and the country has become a regional leader in renewable energy, climate change policy, recycling, and nature conservation. This contrasts with the previous neglect of environmental issues in the country and its depiction as a ‘green laggard’ (Orihuela, 2014: 251) within Latin America. In this article the recent development of environmental policy in Chile is reviewed and five factors affecting this development are analysed: international influences, institutional legacies, a window of opportunity opened by environmental movements, policy entrepreneurship, and business power.     

When national symbols divide: the case of pan-Catalanism and the Països Catalans

Shared symbols are an essential element in nationalist mobilisation. National symbols provide perhaps the strongest, clearest statement of national identity and are socially constructed. The effectiveness of these symbols will determine the success or failure of a political and cultural project. The effectiveness of cultural and political symbols can be seen through examination of the project of pan-Catalanism, the Països Catalans (the Catalan-speaking countries). This political project is rather unusual in the nationalist literature in being unable to advance beyond an embryonic stage. While cultural affinity can be determined within the Catalan-speaking territories, a wider claim to pan-Catalan political identity has foundered. This article argues that the absence of a shared attachment to national symbols in Catalonia, Valencia, the Balearics and other Catalan-speaking areas, provides the principal explanation why successful nation building has not been achieved.     

理解环境意识的真实内涵——一种哲学维度的思考

环境意识从本质上说是人的哲学意识的理论表达,它反映的是人类主体实践活动的超越性与生存环境有限性的予盾.应当超越常识的态度、科学的态度,从人本身以及人与自然的实质性关系去把握和理解环境意识的真实内涵.     

工业锅炉节能环保新途径—分层给煤燃烧

通过调查研究与论证,分析指出了工业链条锅炉由于燃烧不充分而对能源和环境产生的影响,并制定了相应的解决方案和措施.在使用新技术后,取得满意效果.     

北京市控制大气污染第二阶段目标与措施

北京市政府为巩固治理大气污染阶段性成果,进一步控制大气污染,从1999年3月至9月底作为控制大气污染的第二阶段,制订了28项措施。     

论侦查讯问中的环境因素

侦查讯问是侦查员与犯罪嫌疑人在特定的环境中以面对面的方式进行的一种特殊的侦查措施,其目的在于获取犯罪嫌疑人的言词证据和线索。特定的环境和面对面的方式是侦查讯问的突出特点。单从环境因素的角度,其可分解为时空环境因素、人际环境因素和语言环境因素。不同的环境因素会对侦查讯问产生不同的影响。