论我国现有法制环境下的城市管理公平

在我国现有的法制环境下,随着城市化与城市现代化的加速,公平问题日益突出。机会公平、权利公平、规则公平、财富分配公平等都受到严重扭曲,这降低了城市管理的效率,危害着城市社会稳定的基础。在城市管理中,必须依法推动非营利组织的发展,健全监督体系,扩大公民参与渠道,实现城市社会公平。     

股权众筹“入法”：监管与豁免之平衡

作为一种新型互联网金融模式,股权众筹具有融资成本低、效率高优势的同时面临投资者保护不足的风险。为了充分发挥股权众筹的优势,拓宽小微企业尤其是初创企业融资渠道、降低融资成本,完善我国多层级资本市场,同时兼顾投资者保护,应树立适度监管理念,打破现行法律制度障碍,实现监管与豁免之平衡,构造我国股权众筹监管法律制度。     

Protection and Regulations to Status Property of Rich Second Generation

The status property of rich second generation is based on protection of status relations and private property rights, private property lateral expanse to the family property, and vertical expanse to inheritance property, but the current legal right of property has also shaped the power of the rich second generation. Policies for rich second generation should be based on the property nature of private right and sociality, the efficiency of property possession, the intergenerational equity to inheritance, and the abuse of property rights. Rich second generation have limited legitimacy to the property. It is necessary to improve the system of equity and trust to serve their property, and use the estate tax to achieve balance of interests between individual and society, but also need to overcome the fairness of procedure to constraint abuse of power.     

论英国衡平法的起源

英国衡平法在世界法律体系中占有特殊的地位,研究其起源对现代法律的发展有重大的意义。本文主要分为二大部分,第一部分介绍了衡平法的概况;第二部分介绍了英国衡平法产生的四大原因。     

Sanctioning risky life-styles: Attitudes toward solidarity or equitable distribution of health care

Rising costs of medical care and increasing knowledge about behavior-related health risks favor the use of the equity principle in health care allocation. This paper deals with attitudes to the question of whether or not one's payments should be contingent upon the risks one takes. From an explorative analysis of arguments espoused by letter writers from a Dutch health magazine, it becomes apparent that equity plays a major role in the respondents' views of the distribution of health care facilities. Next, the role of attribution in adopting attitudes toward risky life-styles is studied on the basis of a survey using a representative sample of Dutch households. Beliefs about the individual ability to influence health have no effect on risk solidarity, whereas beliefs about the proper amount of effort to avoid health risks do have an effect.     

Focus of attention and locus of control as moderators of fraternal justice effects

The influence of a colleague's performance outcomes on individual's own subsequent performance was investigated. Internal and external locus of control subjects were given information about another person's outcome which indicated two things about organizational standards: how easy or difficult they were to meet and how stringently they were applied. An attentional focus manipulation was employed to influence how subjects used this information. Half of the subjects received a group-focus manipulation and the other half a self-focus one. We proposed that perceived difficulty of standards and stringency of application would interact with attentional focus and subject locus of control to alter subject's own subsequent performances. This expectation was supported by the data. Theoretical and applied implications of this result are discussed.     

Social Utility in Ultimatum Bargaining

In this article we will provide an overview of factors that influence the weight that self-interest and equity related motives receive in ultimatum bargaining. These factors are grouped into three main categories: factors relating to the context of the game, factors relating to the parties involved, and factors related to characteristics of the game. Results of the studies are discussed in relation to the concept of social utility. The authors point out possible omissions in the literature—especially the lack of interest for the behavior of recipients—and recommend directions for future research.     

Equity,equality, and need: A study of the patterns and outcomes associated with their use in intimate relationships

This study examined the extent to which specific justice principles (equity, equality, and need) are associated with different orientations within complex relationships. This contrasts with previous research that has focused on the extent to which justice principle use varies across relationships representing distinctly different goals. Forty-eight men and 60 women were randomly assigned to conditions of equity, equality, or need. Each was asked to describe a recent incident from their own relationship illustrating the principle to which they were assigned. Incidents were coded into one of three domains representing the multiple orientations of intimate relationships. Subjects in the need condition were more likely to describe incidents related to issues of nurturance or personal development, whereas subjects in equity and equality were more likely to describe incidents related to the allocation of responsibilities. Subjects in the equality condition rated their principles as a more desirable basis for decision making in intimate relationships than subjects in either equity or need. Regardless of the relationship domain, subjects in the equality as compared to the equity condition also reported more positive feelings about the decision and themselves as well as more positive and less negative feelings toward their partner.     

Procedural justice at German courts as seen by defendants and juvenile prisoners

The article summarizes German research on procedural and distributive justice at criminal courts. The first German field studies addressing these topics are presented. Procedural justice characteristics like neutrality, courtesy, equal consideration of evidence, voice, and fairness of procedural rules are relevant for Germans. A study on juvenile prisoners shows no support for equity theory and some for the Group Value model. Lay assessors receive positive evaluations by juvenile prisoners.     

中国化马克思主义民族理论在西藏的实践--纪念西藏自治区成立四十周年

总结历史,立足现实,中央人民政府和西藏地方政府签订和平解放西藏的"十七条协议",和平解放西藏.立足民族平等,消除民族隔阂,加强藏、汉民族团结,强调民族工作要"慢",不能急躁,采取灵活、"慎重、稳进"的方针开展工作.实行民族区域自治是中国共产党和毛泽东解决民族问题的基本主张.坚定不移的实行民族区域自治,藏族人民在政治上实现当家作主.帮助西藏发展经济和社会各项事业.尊重藏民族的生活习惯,保障宗教信仰自由.对达赖喇嘛的基本立场和态度是,停止独立活动,欢迎他回来.