中国当今社会公平浅析

改革开放以来的社会公平问题已经成为人们关注的热点。我国当今社会不公平现象 ,突出表现在社会财富形成之前的“机会不均等”、社会财富形成之后的“初次分配不公”和“二次分配”的不健全三个方面。因此 ,要妥善解决我国当今社会不公平问题 ,就应该整肃变质的权力作用力 ,实现收入分配的相对公平和提高社会保障水平。     

Public Employees’ Perceived Promotion Channels in Local China: Merit‐based or Guanxi‐orientated?

Do performance or personal ties (guanxi) matter more in the promotion of local public employees in China? In this paper, we examine public employees’ perceptions of the roles played by merit and guanxi in promotion. We adopt a configurational approach to classify public employees’ perceptions of the reasons for their promotion into four groups: merit‐based, guanxi‐orientated, ambidextrous (both), and fatalistic (neither). A recent survey of 886 public employees shows that around 40% see promotion as merit‐based and 20% as guanxi‐orientated, with 10% perceiving promotion to be ambidextrous and 30% fatalistic. Younger employees with higher rank are more likely to perceive promotion to be merit‐based, whilst highly educated and highly ranked employees with strong public service motivation are more prone to see promotion as ambidextrous. Those who perceive promotion to be ambidextrous are more satisfied with promotion fairness, suggesting that a subtle balance needs to be maintained between merit‐based and guanxi‐orientated promotion channels, rather than rejection of any guanxi element.     

论犯罪人格与量刑公正

法官量刑时既要做到罪刑相适应,以实现刑罚的报应功能,又应考量被告人的人身危险性和矫正难度,以实现刑罚的预防功能,只有二者兼顾的量刑,才能实现真正意义上的公正。将犯罪人格引入量刑机制,使其处于与犯罪行为同等重要的地位,是现代西方国家量刑的发展趋势,也是摆脱当前量刑危机,实现刑罚公正的不二法门。     

论非均衡经济制度下税法的公平与效率

我国的非均衡经济制度创造了举世瞩目的经济奇迹,这得益于社会转轨时期两种经济模式并存,其制度资源新旧交替的溢出,令"效率优先,兼顾公平"的基本原则左右逢源;然而,贫富失衡的社会必须内生衡平的法律机理予以回应,作为转移支付实现社会财富公平分享的税法,其调节功能的非均衡构造和回应只有在特定的本土制度资源的基础上对症下药,以税负的实质性公平原则契合现实的不平衡状态,方能达到共富和谐的理想目标。     

Confidence in the police by race: taking stock and charting new directions

The current study reflects a narrative mega-review of confidence in the police by race. This review has led to two conclusions. First, blacks and whites have different levels of confidence in the police, but the difference between races is a matter of degrees. Second, race is not the strongest predictor of confidence in the police in most multivariate analyses. When variables, such as police contacts and concentrated disadvantage, are controlled for, the effect of race tends to be attenuated and/or sometimes disappear. These results prompt us to urge scholars to chart new directions for future research: fairness and its flip side – injustice – rather than race should be the focus of empirical and analytical gaze. The practical implications derived from this review are twofold. First, central to improving minority confidence in the police is to treat people of all racial groups fairly and equitably. Second, the police and the policed must come to terms and have faith in our democratic system and reform. This review is the first of its kind. We conclude by proposing a template of explaining confidence in the police by race with fairness as the tying knot.     

论我国建立刑事证据开示制度

证据开示制度属于对抗式刑事诉讼制度的范畴。本文结合修订后的刑事诉讼法及刑事司法实践 ,阐述了我国建立刑事证据开示制度的必要性和可行性。